Transcript Process Technology

Process Technology
Chapter 3, Part 3
Computer-Aided Design & Engineering
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Computer-aided design (CAD): use of
computer software to design products
 Similar software is used to make
animated films
Computer-aided engineering (CAE): use of
computer software to evaluate and improve
product designs
Specialized CAD/CAE software is used by
architects and landscape architects
Computer-Aided Design & Engineering (2)
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Advantages of CAD and CAE
 Products can be designed, tested, and brought to
market faster
 Reduces design and testing costs
 Lets the firm test more designs  better products
 Lets designers in different places and different
companies work together
 Can be linked with computer-aided process
planning (CAPP) and computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM)
Computer Assisted Process Planning (CAPP)
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A routing specifies the sequence of steps
(machine instructions) and the machines or
work stations used to make a product
Generated from CAD data
Used as input to CAM
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
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CAM is the use of a computer to
program and control
re-programmable
manufacturing equipment
A robot is a mechanical arm
with a power supply and a
computer that controls the
movements of the arm
Computer Aided Manufacturing (2)
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Uses of robots
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Monotonous work, such as assembly
Work that is hard or unhealthy for people, such as
painting or nuclear plant cleanup
Work that requires great precision
 Making integrated circuits
 Surgery – guided by a surgeon
Products: Robot vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers,
assistants for disabled people, toys
Computer Aided Manufacturing (3)
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Other CAM machinery
 Numerically controlled (NC) machines are
controlled by an internal computer, which is
programmed at the machine
 Direct numerical control (DNC) machines are
programmed by a central computer, which
coordinates the efforts of various machines
 A machine center is a DNC machine that can
change its own tools
Machine Tool Operations
Boring
Milling
Bar Stock
Turning
Drilling
Washing
Computer Aided Manufacturing (4)
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Vision systems: computer systems with
artificial intelligence that can "see" objects
and check dimensions of parts
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Often built into robots.
Used for sorting and positioning parts
Used for inspection. Suspect parts can be
inspected by a second vision system or by a
person
Automated Materials Handling
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Conveyor belts are used in
manufacturing & services
Robots move materials short
distances
Automated guided vehicles
move materials longer
distances in plants, offices,
hospitals
Automated storage and
retrieval systems store and
retrieve materials as directed
by a computer. Used in
manufacturing plants and
distribution centers
Automated guided vehicle
Automatic Identification of Objects
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Magnetic stripes are used on credit cards and
vending cards
Bar codes identify goods and packages
Radio frequency identification (RFID) uses memory
chips with tiny radio antennas to broadcast the
location of goods to a wireless receiver
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RFID can identify goods inside a box.
Useful in retailing and distribution
Wal-Mart is requiring its top 100 vendors to supply RFID
tags on all goods.
Biometrics:
Automatic Identification of People
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Used to identify people and grant access to facilities,
work areas, equipment, etc.
Include a vision system, database, and artificial
intelligence.
Stored image of some portion of each user's body.
May use hand, finger, or iris (colored part of eye).
Vision system develops and stores images.
Artificial intelligence compares body part of person
seeking access with stored image.
Production Technology
Flexible Manufacturing Cells (FMC’s)
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Automated manufacturing using DNC’s
and robots
Automatic tool changes
Automated materials handling
May include automated inspection
Computer-controlled
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations
Management, 5E (Heizer & Render)
7s-19
© 1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
A Simon & Schuster Company
Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458
Flexible Manufacturing Cell
Auto
Auto Tool
Tool
Chg.
Chg.
Machine
Machine 11
Robot
Robot
or
or AGV
AGV
Computer
Computer
Auto
Auto Tool
Tool
Chg.
Chg.
Machine
Machine 22
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations
Management, 5E (Heizer & Render)
7s-19
© 1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
A Simon & Schuster Company
Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458
Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)
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System that links flexible manufacturing cells
and/or lines under control of a central
computer
May include FMC's, robots, and DNC machine
tools
Includes materials handling
Usually includes automated inspection
Flexible Manufacturing System
Tools
Computer control room
Tools
Conveyor
Machine
Machine
Machine
Machine
Machine
Machine
Parts
Load
Unload
Finished
goods
Advantages of FMS Technology
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Fast response - short manufacturing
lead time
High product flexibility
High quality
Very efficient if total production volume
is high
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations
Management, 5E (Heizer & Render)
7s-20
© 1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
A Simon & Schuster Company
Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458
Advantages of FMS Technology
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Low unit costs
 Very little direct labor
 Less material waste
 Very low work in process inventory
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations
Management, 5E (Heizer & Render)
7s-20
© 1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
A Simon & Schuster Company
Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458
Disadvantages of FMS Technology
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High capital cost - need high total
product volume to justify investment
Expertise required to design and
maintain the system
Transparency Masters to accompany Operations
Management, 5E (Heizer & Render)
7s-20
© 1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
A Simon & Schuster Company
Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
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Flexible Manufacturing System
CAD and CAPP
Production planning and inventory management
Purchasing
Common databases and control systems for all these
functions
Provides product flexibility, cost savings, and short
manufacturing lead times