Transcript Human-Computer interaction ISI 303 Meeting time/date: Tuesday

SIE 515
The Human Brain
vs. The Computer
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Today’s Schedule
‣ Discussion of assignment
‣ Philosophy of mind
‣ Brains vs. Circuits
‣ High level differences
‣ Human information processing
‣ Sensation, perception, cognition, and
attention
‣ Change blindness
Humans vs. Computers
‣ Philosophy of mind
‣ Computer model of mind
‣ Artificial Intelligence (AI): mind = program,
brain = hardware
‣ Reductive materialism: Mental events are
reducible to physical events
‣ Dualism: Mind and brain are separate
Brains vs. Circuits
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Neurons vs. Transistors
‣ Process of action
‣ Differences in number
‣ Difference in connectivity
‣ Importance of parallel processing
‣ Learning and adaptation
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High Level Differences
‣ Sense of self
‣ First-person vs. third-person ontologies
‣ Differences in learning
‣ Deduction, induction, and abduction
‣ Could AI account for these differences?
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Human Information Processing
‣ Model formulated by Card, Moran and Newell
‣ 3 human subsystems:
• Perceptual = Sensory stimuli
• Motor = Control of actions
• Cognitive = Central processor
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Sensation
‣ Reception of physical stimulus energy
(sensory data)
‣ Transduction of stimulus energy into neural
code
‣ Multiple channels of human sensation
‣ Sensation and HCI design considerations
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Perception
‣ Interpretation of sensed data into
meaningful information
‣ Combination of bottom-up and top-down
processing
‣ Influence of prior experience
‣ Psychophysics:
• Characterizing relation between perception and
physical stimulus
‣ HCI and perception
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Cognition
‣ Learning, thinking, reasoning, and problem
solving
‣ HCI and cognition
‣ Promotes mental model
‣ Recognition over recall
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HCI and Attention
‣ Attention = concentration of focus
‣ Rules of thumb for design
• Use salient alerts
• Use abrupt and rapid stimuli
• Use redundant information
• Maximize bottom-up processing
• When to use top-down processing
‣ Change blindness
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Door Test
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Number of passes
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Gradual Change Test
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FOR NEXT CLASS
‣ Assignment 2:
• Task 1: Read Dix 1.3 & 1.4
• Task 2: Identify an example of a good and bad interface
that relies, in some way, on human memory. Write a
paragraph on each, explaining: (1) how an understanding of
human memory and reasoning benefitted the design of the
“good” interface, (2) why the poor design example fails in
this capacity and why the resulting interface is difficult for the
user, and (3) how the poor interface could be improved
based on a better understanding of human memory and
information processing.
Submit by email and post to blog 12 hours prior (1/25/16 by
11:59PM) to next class.
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