Transcript CS244- Introduction to embedded systems and ubiquitous computing

CS244-Introduction to
Embedded Systems and
Ubiquitous Computing
Instructor: Eli Bozorgzadeh
Computer Science Department
UC Irvine
Winter 2010
CS244 – Lecture 2
Embedded Applications
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Overview
Hybrid embedded systems
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Multimedia
Consumer electronics
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Patient monitoring, MRI, and artificial hearts
E-Business
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Bridges, routers, switches, and hubs
Medical instruments
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Appliances, office electronics, and home/office automation
Network components
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Aerospace, automobiles, robotics, process control, and sensor nets
ATM, wending machines
Distributed & grid computing
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OVERLAPPING
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Hybrid Embedded Systems
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Computation systems whose behavior is tightly
integrated with the physical world
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Eg., the behavior of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be
modeled by a combination of differential equations (the
aerodynamics and low level feedback controllers) and a finite
state automata (high level flight path decisions, such as to
ascend or descend).
Behavior is governed by both continuous-state
dynamics from the physical world and discrete-state
dynamics from the computation
Passage of time during computation affects the
state of the physical world
Inherently concurrent (inherent vs. built-in
concurrency?)
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Aerospace
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Flight control
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Positioning &
navigation
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GPS, INS
Instrumentation
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Stability: real-time
differential feedback
loops
Data acquisition, display,
processing, and archive
Radar
Communication
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Automobiles
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Engine management
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Emission control
Instrumentation
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Data acquisition, display,
processing, and archive
Safety & stability
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Fuel, ignition, timing
Airbags, active control
Entertainment &
comfort
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Radio, A/C, …
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Robotics
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Implies
autonomous
operation
N physical degree
of freedom
Artificial intelligence
Control heavy
Mission oriented
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Repair, search, rescue,
investigate, and perform
physically difficult tasks
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Process Control
Industrial automation
 Plant monitoring and production
control
 Similar to control systems but with
emphasis on management
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Sensor Nets
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Many sensor nodes
each capable (but
limited) of sensing,
computation/storag
e, and
communication
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Structure safety
Search and rescue
Military use
Self organization
Energy Efficient
Distributed
Modern Sensor Nodes
UC Berkeley: COTS Dust
UC Berkeley: COTS Dust
UCLA: WINS
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Rockwell: W INS
UC Berkeley: Smart Dust
JPL: Sensor W ebs
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Multimedia
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An exercise in
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Signals, analog to digital
conversion, quantization,
sampling, processing, and digital
to analogue conversion
Information theory, entropy,
Huffman codes, compression,
lossless compression
Images, audio, video
Virtual Reality
Presentation
Quality of service
Think lots of data (formats
and standards too)!
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Consumer Electronics
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Home appliances
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Office electronics
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Yesterday’s appliances: add
computation
Tomorrow’s appliances: add
networking (Internet)
Integration
Electronic paper (filing, printing,
sending, and receiving)
Home/office automation
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Common fantasy about the
automated home or office of the
future with lights and appliances
that operate by themselves or
with minimal effort
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Network Components
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Stitching LANs
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Bridge
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Router
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Link networks using different network
identities
Extending ports
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Switch
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Transmit to recipient only
Hub
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Connects two parts of the same network
Transmit to all
Handle large volume of highly
structured data with little
transform
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Medical Instruments
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Perform diagnosis
(screening/evaluation)
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Observation or
monitoring
Sensing and
instrumentation
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Data collection
Appraisal of that data
Developing a plan of action
Accuracy and precision
Other applications:
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Radiation therapy
Artificial hearts, arms, legs, …
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E-Business
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Information
processing
systems
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ATM
Cache registers
Scanners
Credit-card readers
Often the interface
behind a database
Automation and
convenience
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Distributed & Grid Computing
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Coordinated resource sharing and problem
solving
The grid is static, reliable, and has infinite
resource (for practical purposes)
Users (the mobile device e.g., PDA) has
limited resources
Middleware mitigates the resource sharing
and coordination efforts
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Summary of Application Domains
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Looked at a number of application domains
Large amount of overlap between these
domains
Often each domain has associated
standards, design methodologies, and
certification programs
The future appears to suggest a fusion of
design differences into a single
methodology
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Real-Time Systems
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A systems where correctness depends on
logical results and the time the results are
produced
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Safety-critical: incorrect operation leads to human
loss
Mission-critical: incorrect operation leads to failed
mission
J.A. Stankovic et al. “Strategic Directions in
Real-Time and Embedded Systems”
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