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Grammar Keys
Grammar Review
Elementary-Intermediate level
Tenses:
Simple
Progressive
Perfect
Perfect Progressive
Times
Present
Past
Future
TO BE _ present
Simple
A: He is a lawyer
N: He isn’t a lawyer
Q: Is he a lawyer?
Yes, he is
No, he isn’t
WH: Since when is he a lawyer?
A: He is a lawyer since 1995.
TO BE _ past
Simple
A: We were in Mexico.
N: We weren’t in Mexico.
Q: Were we in Mexico?
Yes, we were
No, we weren’t
WH: When were you in Mexico?
A: I was in Mexico last year.
Ejercicios
Others_ present
Simple
A: We need more water.
N: We don’t need more water.
Q: Do we need more water?
- Yes, we do
- No, we don’t
WH: How often do you need some water?
A: I frequently need some water.
Others_present_3rd Person
A: She needs to study
N: She doesn't need to study
y/n: Does she need to study?
- Yes, she does
- No, she doesn't
WH: How many times a day does she need to study?
Ans: She needs to study three times a day
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
Be presente
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Be – ser estar
I
Am – soy, estoy
You
Are – eres, estás
She
Is – es, está
He
Is – es, está
It
Is – es, está
You
Are – eres, estás
We
Are – somos, estamos
They
Are – son, están
Be pasado
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I
You
She
He
It
You
We
They
Was – era, estaba
Were – eras, estabas
Was – era, estaba
Was – era, estaba
Was – era, estaba
Were – eran, estaban
Were – eran, estaban
Were – eran, estaban
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

Wh Questions
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What – Que
Where – Donde
Why – Porque
Who (with)– Quien (con)
When – Cuando
What time – Que hora
Whose – De quien
Which – Cual
What kind of – Que tipo de

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How
How
How
How
How
How
How
How Questions
– Como
much – Cuanto (no contable)
many – Cuantos (contable)
far – Que tan lejos
long – Que tanto tiempo
often – Que tan frecuente
many times – Cuantas veces
Ejercicios
1.
2.
3.
4.
Laptop computers enable (permiten) people to communicate.
Technological advances revolutionize science.
Researchers keep paper records of the data they collect.
Electrical technicians work in the generation of electronic power.
They work under the supervision of electronic engineers.
Scientists use the internet to research (investigar).
They calculate the results for the experiment.
They publish their findings (hallazgos)
They help design new electrical equipment.
They assemble (ensamblan) and test electronical parts.
Engineers test new products on computers.
CAD software helps engineers design exact plans.
Mechanical engineers use CAD (Computer-Aided Design).
Electronic technicians have to read and understand blueprints (programas de prueba).
They work with hand tools, such as wrenches (llaves de tuercas), screwdrivers
(desatornillador) and cutters (cuchillas).
A computer directs the action of the machine.
The machine creates the product.
They use automation (the operation and control of machinery by electronic devices)
Hazardous (peligrosos) materials technicians remove dangerous (peligrosos)
materials.
They respond to accidental release of hazardous materials.
Ejercicios
5.
6.
7.
CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) uses computers to solve
engineering problems.
CAE integrates design and manufacturing processes.
Procter & Gamble uses CAE.
Some hazardous materials technicians specialize in radiation containment.
Workers wear special protective suits, respirators, and goggles.
Some programs perform human tasks (AI).
Artificial Intelligence programs don’t reason.
Neuromorphic engineering creates devices (dispositivos) that behave like
neural systems.
AI can perform some functions.
Aerospace engineering is the use of science and technology to design flight
vehicles.
Workers in the aerospace industry study and devise theories related to
travel in outer space.
Robotics is an application of artificial intelligence.
Today, robots are more mobile.
Robots have three components: brain (cerebro), actuators (impulsor) and
sensors.
Most aerospace engineers work in the aircraft industry.
They also analyze and design systems and components for airplanes.
Progressive (BE + verb + ing)
Progressive
A: He is working as a lawyer.
N: He isn’t working as a lawyer.
Q: Is he a lawyer?
Yes, he is
No, he isn’t
WH: What is he working on?
A: He is working on a new project.
Ejercicios
Others_ past_regular
Simple
A: We needed more research.
N: We didn’t need more research.
Q: Did we need more research?
Yes, we did
No, we didn’t
WH: Which project did we need more
research on?
A: We needed more research on the
construction project.
Others_past_3rd Person
A: She needed to study
N: She didn’t need to study
y/n: Did she need to study?
 Yes, she did
 No, she didn’t
How many times a day did she need to
study?
She needed to study three times a day
Others_past_Irregulars
Simple
A: He had a good job.
N: He didn’t have a good job.
Q: Did he have a good job?
Yes, he did
No, he didn’t
WH: Where did he have a good job?
A: He had a good job in El Salvador.
Ejercicios
Past progressive (Was + verb + ing)
Progressive
A: The girls were living in Mexico.
N: The girls weren’t living in Mexico.
Q: Were the girls living in Mexico?
Yes, they were
No, they weren’t
WH: How long were they in Mexico?
A: They were in Mexico for two months.
Ejercicios
TO BE _ future
Simple
A: I will be busy all week.
N: I won’t be busy all week.
Q: Will you be busy all week?
Yes, I will
No, I won’t
WH: What time will you be busy this week?
A: I will be busy from 8 to 5pm.
Others _ future
Simple
A: I will watch the news.
N: I won’t watch the news.
Q: Will you watch the news?
Yes, I will
No, I won’t
WH: How long will you watch the news?
A: I will watch the news for two hours.
Progressive_ future
(will+be+verb+ing)
Progressive
A: I will be painting the house tomorrow.
N: I won’t be painting the house tomorrow.
Q: Will you be painting the house tomorrow?
Yes, I will
No, I won’t
WH: Who will you be painting the house with?
A: I will be painting the house with my sister.