Transcript Cells - Images

CRCT
PRACTICE
S7L1. Students will
investigate the
diversity of living
organisms and how
they can be compared
scientifically.
a. Demonstrate the process
for the development of a
dichotomous key.
– the practice of
naming organisms and
classifying them into
groups.
Taxonomy
Key – one way
scientist classify items in the
world
 You must begin with the
characteristics – pay close
attention o unique
characteristics
Dichotomous
Then write pairs of choices
 Start with the most general
characteristics
•Does the bird fly?
•1. a. Flies
go to 2
b. does not fly go to 3

b. Classify organisms
based on physical
characteristics using a
dichotomous key of the
six kingdom system
(archaebacteria,
eubacteria, protists, fungi,
plants, and animals).
System –
the process of organizing
organism into groups
Organisms are placed
in groups based on
characteristics
Classification

Organisms are given
a 2 part scientific
name based on their
genus and species.
Levels
of Classification
Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species

Ways
Organism can be
classified
 Type of Cell
•Eukaryotic (contains
nucleus)
•Prokaryotic (no nucleus)
Cell Structure
•Presence of Nucleus
•Presence of a Cell Wall
 Number of Cells
•Unicellular – organisms
made of 1 cell
•Multicellular – organism
made of more than one cell


Nutrition
•Autotrophs – organism
can make its own food
•Heterotroph –
organism get nutrient
by eating other
organism
5
Kingdoms
 Bacteria (Archeabacteria
& Eubacteria)
 Protista
 Fungi
 Plantae
 Animalia
Bacteria
Kingdom
 Type of Cell – Prokaryotic
 Cell Structure – contains cell
wall
 Number of Cells – unicellular
 Nutrition – autotrophs and
heterotrophs
Protista
Kingdom
 Type of Cell – Eukaryotic
 Cell Structure – contains cell
wall
 Number of Cells – most
unicellular some are
multicellular

Nutrition – autotrophs and
heterotrophs
Fungi
Kingdom
 Type of Cell – Eukaryotic
 Cell Structure – contains cell
wall
 Number of Cells – most
unicellular, some
multicellular
 Nutrition – heterotrophs
Plantae
Kingdom
 Type of Cell – Eukaryotic
 Cell Structure – contains cell
wall; chloroplast
 Number of Cells –
multicellular
 Nutrition – autotrophs
Animalia
Kingdom
 Type of Cell – Eukaryotic
 Cell Structure – No cell wall
or chloroplast
 Number of Cells –
multicellular
 Nutrition – heterotrophs
S7L2. Students will
describe the structure
and function of cells,
tissues, organs, and
organ systems.
.
a. Explain that cells
take in nutrients in
order to grow and
divide and to make
needed materials.
– the basic unit of all
living things.
All living things:
 Grow and develop
 Respond to their
environment
 Use energy
 Reproduce
Cell
Membrane – controls the
movement of materials into
and out of the cell.
 Diffusion – particles move
from a more crowded (higher
concentration) environment
to a less crowded (lower
concentration) environment.
Cell


Equilibrium – state at which
concentration is the same
inside and out of the cell
Passive Transport –
materials are transported
without the use of energy.


Selectively Permeable –
describes how a
membrane allows some
things to go across and
others can’t
Osmosis – Movement of
water into and out of the
cell to reach equilibrium.
Facilitated
Diffusion
– uses protein
channels in order to
move materials
across the
membrane.
Transport – Cell uses
energy to move small
molecules where there is a
high concentration.
 Endocytosis – cell
membrane envelops around
a particle and allows it to
enter the cell
Active

Exocytosis – cell removes
waste and release from
the cell membrane.
b. Relate cell structures
(cell membrane,
nucleus, cytoplasm,
chloroplasts,
mitochondria) to basic
cell functions.
– parts of the cell
that carry out particular
function.
 Nucleus – Control Center of
the Cell
 Cytoplasm – Large, fluid
filled space in the cell
Organelles


Ribosomes – Where the
proteins are assembled from
amino acids
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
– system of membranes that
move materials from one part
of the cell to another.
Golgi Apparatus – helps
to secrete materials out of
the cell
 Mitochondria –
powerhouse of cell

Not Found in Animal Cells
Wall – stiff outer layer
that surrounds the cell
membrane
Chloroplast – organelles
capture sunlight and
convert it to food
Cell
Vacuole – stores
water and enzymes
Large
c. Explain that cells are
organized into tissues,
tissues into organs,
organs into systems,
and systems into
organisms.
Cells
work together to
form tissues, organs,
and organ systems.
The entire organism is
composed of several
organ systems.
Cells
are specialized for
specific purposes
 Red blood cells carry
oxygen
 Nerve cells transmit
information throughout the
body
– a group of
cells that work together.
Organs – tissues that
work together to perform
a function.
Tissue
System –
group of organs that
work together to
perform a specific
function.
Organ
d. Explain that
tissues, organs, and
organ systems serve
the needs cells have
for oxygen, food, and
waste removal
Tissues,
organs, and organ
systems work together to
serve the needs of cells.
Cells need oxygen and food
and they need to remove
wastes. Process through
 Photosynthesis
 Cellular Respiration
 Photosynthesis
– plants use sunlight to
make food.

Plants change carbon dioxide and water into
food.
e. Explain the purpose of the
major organ systems in the
human body (i.e., digestion,
respiration, reproduction,
circulation, excretion,
movement, control, and
coordination, and for
protection from disease).
S7L2. Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
a. Explain that cells take in nutrients in order to grow and divide and to make needed materials.
b. Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria) to basic cell functions.
c. Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, and systems into organisms.
d. Explain that tissues, organs, and organ systems serve the needs cells have for oxygen, food, and waste removal.
e. Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in the human body (i.e., digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, movement, control, and
coordination, and for protection from disease).
S7L3. Students will recognize how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.
a. Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific trait.
b. Compare and contrast that organisms reproduce asexually and sexually (bacteria, protists, fungi, plants & animals).
c. Recognize that selective breeding can produce plants or animals with desired traits.
S7L4. Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments.
a. Demonstrate in a food web that matter is transferred from one organism to another and can recycle between organisms and their environments.
b. Explain in a food web that sunlight is the source of energy and that this energy moves from organism to organism.
c. Recognize that changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species.
d. Categorize relationships between organisms that are competitive or mutually beneficial.
e. Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e. tropical rain forest, savannah, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and
aquatic communities (i.e. freshwater, estuaries, and marine).
S7L5. Students will examine the evolution of living organisms through inherited characteristics that promote survival of organisms and the survival
of successive generations of their offspring.
Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools 8/29/2006 2:52 PM Page 7 of 8 a. Explain that physical characteristics of
organisms have changed over successive generations (e.g. Darwin’s finches and peppered moths of Manchester).
All Rights Reserved Approved July 13, 2006
b. Describe ways in which species on earth have evolved due to natural selection.
c. Trace evidence that the fossil record found in sedimentary rock provides evidence for the long history of changing life forms.