Transcript Research education in USA and Canada

Research education in USA and Canada
Lars Bruce
Christina Wallin
Research education in the USA
• 249 colleges and universities
• Colleges’ usually only offers undergraduate
education while universities also offers graduate
education
• There are both private and public schools
Research education in the USA
There’s no central government supervision
Independent organizations accredit the universities
Institutional accreditation – the university as a hole is
accredited. This can either be a regional or national
accreditation.
Professional/specialized accreditation – this is an evaluation
of a specific educational program
Ranking lists. U.S.News lists can be found at;
http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college
Admission
• Review of the applicant's previous academic record
• Letters of recommendation
• TOEFL (Test Of English as a Foreign Language)
• Graduate Record Examination, GRE
- a standardized tests geared toward graduate school
- measures the scholastic ability
- subject-specific tests can be tacked onto the general test
Studies
To be eligible for a doctoral degree, a student normally must fulfill the
following requirements:
• Complete an approved program of course and research work, of which
at least some must be taken in the Graduate School of Arts and Science
• Pass three comprehensive exams approved by the Director of Graduate
Studies (Ph.D.)
• Complete an acceptable survey research paper, and pass the Oral
Preliminary Exam. This is comparable to the swedish licentiat degree
• Write an acceptable Ph.D. thesis proposal, and present it to a faculty
committee
• Write and defend a doctoral dissertation
Studies
• Candidacy for the doctorate is determined by an Oral Preliminary
Exam, usually taken before 2 1/2 years of full-time graduate study
• Within six months of passing the Oral Preliminary Exam every Ph.D.
student is required to present a thesis proposal containing the outline of
the proposed research, and some of the anticipated results
• The proposal presentation is held in front of a committee of three
faculty members
• Students who have progressed rapidly in their research can take the
oral preliminary examination and present the thesis proposal at the
same time
Degrees
• Bachelor’s degree – four years of undergraduate
study
• Master’s degree – 1-2 years of graduate study
• Doctoral degree (Ph.D.) – 3-4 years of studies
after a Bachelor’s degree or at least 2 years after a
Master’s degree
• Professional degree – in subjects like medicin and
law
Snapshot; Princeton
• #1 All Categories, #8 Computer Science.
• Web site: http://www.princeton.edu
• Private. Founded: 1746. Undergraduate student
body: 4,663.
• Application fee: $60
Tuition and fees: $26,160
Room/board: $7,583
• 290 research projects supported by over 90
sponsors.
Princeton,
research areas in C.S.
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Digital system testing
Synthesis for testability
High-level synthesis
Low-power design
Hardware-software cosynthesis
• Embedded systems
• Verification
• Fault-tolerant computing
• Systolic/wave-front
architectures
• Parallel processing
• Performance evaluation
• Video signal processing
architectures
• Computer security
• Neural computing
Snapshot; California-Berkeley
• #20 All Categories, #1 Public Universities, #3
Computer Science.
• Web site: http://www.berkeley.edu
• Public. Founded: 1868. Undergraduate student
body: 22,677.
• Application fee: $40
Tuition and fees: $3,633 for in-state, $14,337 for
out-of-state
Room/board: $10,047
California-Berkeley,
research areas in C.S.
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Artificial Intelligence
Computer Architecture and Engineering
Database Management Systems
Multimedia, Human Computer Interaction and
Computer Graphics
Operating Systems
Programming Systems
Scientific Computing and Numerical Methods
Theory
California-Berkeley,
research areas at the International
Computer Science Institute
• Networking
– ACIRI (AT&T Center for Internet Research at
ICSI)
– NSA (Network Services and Applications)
• AI
• Speech (formerly Realization)
• Algorithms (formerly Theory)
Snapshot; Carnegie Mellon
• #23 All Categories, #3 Computer Science.
• Web site: http://www.cmu.edu
• Private. Founded: 1900. Undergraduate
student body: 5,106.
• Application fee: $55
Tuition and fees: $24,022
Room/board: $7,264
Carnegie Mellon,
research areas in C.S.
• Artificial Intelligence
– Computer Music
Data Mining
Machine Learning
Vision
Speech
• Theory
– Algorithms
Complexity Theory
Semantics
• Interdisciplinary Research
– Computational Biology
Computational
Neuroscience
• Systems & Languages
– Computer Architecture
Databases
Graphics
Operating Systems
Networking
Parallel and Distributed
Computing
Programming Languages
Formal Methods
Software Engineering
Carnegie Mellon,
research at the Software
Engineering Institute
• Dynamic Systems
• COTS-Based Systems
(CBS)
• Dependable Systems
Upgrade (DSU)
• Computer-Aided Software
Engineering (CASE)
• Open Systems
• Rate Monotonic Analysis
(RMA)
• Simplex Architecture
• Standards
• Product Line Systems
• Architecture Tradeoff
Analysis
• Domain Engineering
• Product Line Practice
• Reengineering Center
• Software Architecture
research at the Software
Engineering Institute cont.
• Networked Systems
Survivability
• CERT® Coordination
Center
• Survivable Network
Management
• Survivable Network
Technology
• Software Engineering Process
Management
• Accelerating Software Technology
Adoption
• Acquisition Risk Management
• Capability Maturity Model®
Integration
• Capability Maturity Modeling®
• The IDEALSM Model
• ISO/IEC 15504
• Personal Software Process
• Software Engineering Measurement
& Analysis
• Software Acquisition Improvement
• Team Software Process
Snapshot; Massachusetts Institute
of Technology
• #5 All Categories, #1 Computer Science.
• Web site: http://web.mit.edu
• Private. Founded: 1861. Undergraduate
student body: 4,258
• Application fee: $60
Tuition and fees: $26,960
Room/board: $7,500
MIT, Research areas in C.S.
• Hardware and Software Tools
• Cryptography, optimization, security, validation ...
• Interfaces and Applications
• Human-Computer interaction, computer graphics ...
• Science and Information Technology
• Biological computing, hart failure assistance, virus
shell ...
• Transport
• Networks, routers, WWW, wireless devices ...
Sort by: Rank
1.
Princeton
University
(NJ)
100
.0
4.9
1
99%
92%
97%
+5
4
71%
11%
6/1
92%
4
1350- 1540
92%
12%
13
1
66%
2.
Harvard
University
(MA)
99.
0
4.9
2
96%
91%
97%
+6
7
69%
13%
8/1
91%
1
1410- 1580
90%
11%
8
6
46%
Yale
University
(CT)
99.
0
4.9
3
98%
93%
95%
+2
10
75%
8%
7/1
90%
2
1380- 1550
95%
16%
2
5
46%
4.
California
Institute of
Technology
96.
0
4.7
25
94%
95%
82%
-13
2
76%
5%
3/1
96%
5
1450- 1580
98%
13%
1
13
39%
5.
Massachusetts
Inst. of
Technology
95.
0
4.9
10
98%
93%
91%
-2
19
58%
16%
7/1
89%
3
1410- 1560
97%
16%
3
9
41%
Stanford
University
(CA)
95.
0
4.9
7
98%
91%
93%
+2
15
69%
14%
7/1
99%
6
1360- 1560
89%
13%
9
11
40%
University of
Pennsylvania
95.
0
4.5
15
97%
87%
91%
+4
1
70%
8%
7/1
89%
8
1310- 1490
92%
23%
6
10
41%
Top Public National Universities
1.
University of California–Berkeley
2.
University of Virginia
3.
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
4.
Univ. of California–Los Angeles
5.
U. of North Carolina–Chapel Hill
6.
College of William and Mary (VA)
7.
Univ. of California–San Diego
8.
Univ. of Wisconsin–Madison
9.
U. of Illinois–Urbana-Champaign
10.
Georgia Institute of Technology
University of California–Davis
University of California–Irvine
Best Graduate Schools – Computer Science
Average
reputation score
(5 = highest)
Rank/School
1.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
5.0
Stanford University (CA)
5.0
Carnegie Mellon University (PA)
4.9
University of California-Berkeley
4.9
Cornell University (NY)
4.5
University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign
4.5
7.
University of Washington
4.3
8.
Princeton University (NJ)
4.2
9.
University of Texas-Austin
4.1
University of Wisconsin-Madison
4.1
3.
5.
Research education in Canada
• Resembles that of the USA
• The universities, or institutes as they are also called, are
independent and decide themself over the education and
there is no central regelation
• Canada consist of autonomous provinces which each has at
least one university
• Some universities are bilingual, while others just give
courses in either French or English
Admission
• Good grades in the previous degrees
• Letters of reference
• Language test are standard, usually TOEFL for English
universities
• Forign students must apply for a visa, or Student
Authorization if the periods shorter than six moths, except
for the povince of Québec where a student can apply for a
Certificate of Acceptance instead
Studies
• Not much differs from the way higher education studies
are conducted in the USA
• Candidates for a Doctor of Philosophy degree pursue a
program of study and research
• The candidate present a thesis embodying the results of
original investigation
• The thesis may consist of a collection of several papers
where some, but not all, may be previously unpublished
Degrees
• General/Pass Bachelor degree – 3-4 years of undergraduate
study
• Honours Bachelor degree – the student specialize in one or
two subjects after the first year or studie for an additional
year after a General/Pass Bachelor degree
• Master’s degree – 1-2 years of graduate studies
• Master of Philosophy – more research oriented
• Doctor of Philosophy – 3 years of graduate studies, it’s
usually necessary to have a Honours Bachelor degree