Transcript Fresh Connections Food Safety 2014

PMA Fresh Connections: Food Safety
An Insiders Guide to CPS 2014 Research
Turning Information Into Knowledge
June 26, 2014
Newport Beach, California
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Agricultural Water
• Complex Issue
• Key Produce Safety & FSMA Issue
• CPS Issue Brief Available
Preventive Controls:
• Monitoring
• Treatment
• Application to Harvest Interval
• Understanding & Predicting
Water Microbial Quality
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Safe & Sustainable Water –
Taking Care of a Vital Resource!
• Water is a precious resource!!!! (especially out west)
• How to Safely: Reduce, Re-use, Recycle?
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Agricultural Water - Monitoring
• Low quantities of Salmonella can be found in water
samples collected from irrigation ponds in the Southeast.
(Wright & Vellidis)
• Low correlation between Salmonella and indicators. (Wright)
• Low correlation between indicators and STEC (Critzer)
• Bank sampling represents overall pond water quality.
(Vellidis)
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Agricultural Water - Treatment
• Zero Valent Iron (ZVI)
Not right for every situation, but a useful tool to reduce
contaminated irrigation water. (Kniel)
• Evaluation of multiple disinfection methods to mitigate the
risk of produce contamination by irrigation water.
(Buchanan, University of Tennessee – Work in Progress)
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Ag Water - Application to Harvest Interval
• Survival of generic E. coli and Salmonella during water
cessation, curing & harvesting of bulb onions. (Waite-Cusic)
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Agricultural Water – Understanding &
Predicting Microbial Quality
• Low numbers of Salmonella found in SE irrigation ponds.
(Wright & Vellidis)
• <50% of Salmonella strains wildlife-associated. (Wright)
• Surface runoff is more frequently positive for Salmonella
and E. coli than ponds. (Vellidis)
• STEC relatively stable in pond until large rain event
(2+ inches) (Critzer)
• How do pathogens and indicators partition in rivers, lakes,
ponds and canals? (Gibson)
• QMRA: Is there an App for that? (Rock)
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Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
QMRA
 QMRA ≠ Industry Risk Assessment = Hazard Analysis
 QMRA: Risk Characterization=
• Probability of adverse health consequences
• Severity of adverse health consequences
René François Magritte
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Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
QMRA
Pathogen Exposure
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Initial Dose: How many?
Prevalence: How often?
Change in Dose: Do pathogens grow/die off?
Consumption: Serving Size, Frequency, Demographic?
Example
Pathogen partitioning in ag water after a rainfall event? (Gibson)
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Transference to Produce – Ag Water
• Can splash from overhead sprinkler irrigation systems
contaminate produce? (Vellidis)
o Work in progress but seem directly proportional to
distance from the ground.
• Does drip irrigation prevent contamination? (Critzer)
o Drip Bare Ground (20%) vs Drip Plasticulture (12%)
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Transference to Produce – Wild Animals
• White tail deer: 2% E. coli O157:H7 prevalence in ME.(Wu)
• Pathogen dispersal occurred more in riparian corridors.
• Pathogen dispersal and prevalence were greater in more
forested landscape.
• Deer are much more important than birds. (Wiedmann)
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Transference to Produce – Animals
• Wild rodents are Salmonella vectors but not STEC’s in SW.
(Jay Russell)
• Terrestrial Animals (feedlot cattle, feral pigs, javelina) are
more likely reservoirs of Salmonella and STEC than birds.
(Jay-Russell)
• Nut Orchard Gradient (prior to harvest) from adjacent
poultry and calf operations but infrequent isolation of
Salmonella (Harris)
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Transference to Produce – Soil Amendments
• Salmonella has increased thermal resistance in partially
composted (desiccated) chicken litter. (Jiang)
• One size fits all approach to thermal processing chicken
litter won’t work.
• Must consider materials used:
• Age (Fresh vs Aged)
• Composition
• Moisture Content
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Transference to Produce – Postharvest
• Low Salmonella prevalence in raw pistachios but elevated
prevalence in floater stream (Harris)
• Narrow range of Serovars ≈ possible resident population
(possible post-hulling contamination)
• Wood vs Plastic Fruit Storage Bins & Cleanability (Killinger)
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Postharvest Interventions
• Thermal inactivation of pathogens on cantaloupe surfaces
is possible but may cause rind scald (variety and maturity
dependent (Suslow)
• Ozone can be used to control postharvest cross
contamination from wash water (Suslow)
• Direct measures of wash water antimicrobial oxidative
stress are possible (Nitin)
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Testing: Attention Please
Whole Genome Sequencing
A New Gold Standard
• What is it?
• What can it do?
• Why should I care?
Rapid Testing (Ge)
• Better
• Faster
• Cheaper
Validation
• Surrogate (Teplitski)
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Conclusions
• Networking
• Adding to a body of knowledge.
• Leads to informed decisions.
o Company Food Safety Plans
o Industry Guidance
o Regulations
• Leads to fewer produce safety concerns.
• Next Steps
o Integrating CPS Learnings into Action
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Converting Research into Food Safety Practices:
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Understanding
Education
Planning
Validation
Implementation
Verification
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Thank You
Bob Whitaker
[email protected]
Jim Gorny
[email protected]
Johnna Hepner
[email protected]
Cyndi Neal
[email protected]
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