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Report Title
Electricity in Zimbabwe
Report Subtitle
Country profile of power sector, market trends and investment
opportunities
Report Code
Publication Date
February 2014
Report Type
Energy
Report Size
Pages
29
Tables
9
Figures
9
Contact
Paul Marshall ([email protected])
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Section
1:intoFront
Page Lead Graphic and Quote
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Figure 2.2
Installed capacity (MW)
Available capacity
Figure 3: Zimbabwe installed capacity
by plant (MW)
Harare thermal power plant
Bulawayo thermal power plant
Munyati thermal power plant
Hwange thermal power plant
Kariba hydropower plant
0
200
400
600
800
Zimbabwe installed capacity by plant (MW)
1,000
Details of the five power plants owned by ZPC,
and their availability levels - are shown in
Figure 3. All these plants are now old. The
Kariba (South) hydropower plant, built between
1959 and 1962, is the most reliable on the
system, with a nominal capacity of 750MW, all
of which was available in 2012. The remaining
four plants are all coal-fired thermal plants
burning coal produced in Zimbabwe. The most
important of these is the 920MW Hwange
plant, which was built between 1983 and 1987.
Age and lack of maintenance has made this
plant consistently unreliable over the past
decade, and most recent annual availability
was only 357MW. The remaining three
thermal plants, Munyati, Bulawayo and Harare,
are all over fifty years old, having been
commissioned between 1942 and 1957.
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Introduction,
market background and USPs
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Zimbabwe lies in the heart of Southern Africa, and of the Southern African Power Pool - of which it is a member. The country
has significant energy resources, and has in the past supported a strong economy, based on commercial farming and mining.
However, the government of Robert Mugabe has, over the past twenty years, left a large part of the economy in ruins, and the
country with few economic allies. The electricity infrastructure is old, and cannot come near to meeting actual demand, so
load shedding is frequent to maintain system stability. The main electricity sector companies are also heavily in debt, and
require government support, partly as a result of an inability to collect debts from consumers. The country imports power
from its neighbours, but the inability to pay for imports, coupled with a tighter supply in the SAPP region, has made access to
power from other countries more difficult. Without renewal at government level, and transparent management of the economy
and other affairs, Zimbabwe will struggle to attract the investment it needs to rebuild the infrastructure and allow the economy
to flourish.
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Key
features of this report
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• An overview of the electricity market in Zimbabwe.
• Power supply data covering production, imports and exports and the main production sources.
• Power demand data by market sector and tariff data.
• An overview of the structure of the electricity sector with government and private sector companies
as well as the regulatory status.
• Power demand forecasts and the development of the power sector to meet expected growth.
• Transmission system expansion plans.
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4:report
Key
benefits from reading this report
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marketing
• What are the key energy resources in Zimbabwe for power production.
• How is the country overcoming the effects of power shortage?
• What are the key developments in electricity infrastructure?
• Who are the key players in market?
• What are the investment opportunities in the country?
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Key
Market Issues
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This report is a Country Profile, covering:•
•
•
•
•
•
Power generation capacity by fuel input
Electricity networks
Current power market trends
Generation growth
Investment opportunities
Future project plans
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Key
findings of this report
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marketing
1.
The only significant fossil fuel resource available in Zimbabwe today is coal. The country
has reserves of 502m tonnes according to BP.
2.
With no oil reserves, and no refinery capacity, all of Zimbabwe’s refined petroleum
products must be imported. Annual consumption is 19,030bbl/d.
3.
There is major hydropower potential in Zimbabwe. The World Energy Council puts gross
theoretical potential energy output at 44TWh/y, and the technically exploitable capacity at
18TWh/y.
4.
The transmission system in Zimbabwe is based on a backbone of 420kV (161km), 330kV
(3,232km) and 220kV (126km) lines that bring power from the two large power plants at
Hwange in the west, and Kariba in the northwest - to the main load centres.
5.
There have been increases in tariffs since 2010, when the average national tariff was
US$0.075/kWh, but even the highest tariff in 2013 is well below what the AFDB estimated
to be the cost recovery tariff in 2010 of US$0.116/kWh.
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Key
questions answered by this report
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marketing
1.
How does Zimbabwe generate its electricity?
2.
What is the status of the national electricity market?
3.
What are the key developments in electricity infrastructure?
4.
Who are the key players in market?
5.
What are the future prospects for investment in Zimbabwe?
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Key
areas covered by the report
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Key products/categories profiled:
Energy
Electricity in Zimbabwe – Country profile of power sector, market trends and investment
opportunities
Key regions/countries covered:
Africa - Zimbabwe
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Section
9:report
Research
methodology
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Methodology:
Secondary research
This has been conducted by Paul Breeze – an energy specialist for 30 years. He has gathered
together an unique set of studies and research papers. In all, the report cites up to 10 separate
sources.
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Section
10: Author biography and contact details
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Name: Dr Paul Breeze
Biography:
Dr Paul Breeze has specialized in the electricity sector for the past 30 years. He is
contributing editor for the monthly international magazine for the power industry,
Modern Power Systems, and as freelance writer he has contributed to The Financial
Times, The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, The Observer and The Economist. In
addition to the power sector, Paul Breeze’s interests include science and the computer
industry.