Transcript Cell Processes

Cell Processes
From Transport
To
Reproduction
Homeostasis
• All the components of the living things, from the
cells and the organelles within them to the organ
systems of complex organisms must interact to
maintain a balanced internal environment within
the organism. Organisms possess many control
mechanisms to detect internal and external
changes and make changes to correct any
deviations.
• This maintenance of a stable internal environment
by an organism is called homeostasis.
• Homeostasis in an organism is constantly
threatened. Failure to respond effectively can
result in disease or death.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
• The movement of substances through
the cell membrane without the input
of energy.
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Facilitated diffusion
Cells at Work
Energy for Life
Diffusion- the
movement of molecules
from an area of greater
concentration to an area of lesser
concentration.
Example: ink in water spreads
out.
Example: perfume in air spreads
out.
Example: food cooking odors
spreading through the house
Osmosis
the movement of water
molecules from an area
of high concentration to
an area of low
concentration.
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/Osmosis.htm
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
If materials move through the cell
membrane through protein gates
or channels.
To facilitate means to help. The
proteins help the materials move
through the membrane.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
energy –requiring process in which transport
proteins bind with particles and move them
through a cell membrane.
http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/pumpanim.html
http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/templates/student_resources/shared_
resources/animations/ion_pump/ionpump.html
• Endocytosis-the process of taking
substances into the cell. Endo means
into.
• Exocytosis –releasing substances out
of the cell.
Exo means to exit.
EQUILIBRIUM
• OCCURS WHEN MOLECULES FROM
ONE SUBSTANCE SPREADS EVENLY
THROUGHOUT ANOTHER
SUBSTANCE.
3 ways to make energy
1. Cellular respiration
Mitochondria burn fuel to provide our cells with energy. A
chemical reaction called cellular respiration takes
place in the mitochondria.
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Glucose + oxygen
carbon + water + energy
dioxide
2. Photosynthesis
The process where plants make food in the form of
sugar in the chloroplast.
6CO2 + 6H2O +light energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon + water + light energy
glucose + oxygen
dioxide
3. FERMENTATION
• Who uses fermentation? SINGLE CELL
ORGANISM THAT ARE ANAEROBIC (WITHOUT
OXYGEN) AND HUMAN MUSCLES
• PROVIDES ENERGY FOR CELLS WITHOUT
USING OXYGEN.
• ENERGY RELEASED BY THIS METHOD IS
MUCH LOWER THAN DURING CELLULAR
RESPIRATION.
• BY PRODUCTS: ARE ALCOHOL AND LATIC
ACID (BREAD).
Cell Division
•Mitosis occurs in
Body cells, like skin,
Nerves, heart, hair,
toes.
•Mitosis – the process
in which the nucleus
divides to form two identical nuclei
•Start off with 1 cell and end up with 2
(daughter) cells
•Every human cell the reproduces
through mitosis has 46 chromosomes
Meiosis
• The process of cell division in sexually
reproducing organisms that reduces the
number of chromosomes in reproductive
cells from diploid to haploid, leading to the
production of gametes, sex cells like sperm
and eggs, in animals and spores in plants.
• Found in egg and sperm cells
• Start off with 1 cell and end up with 4
(daughter) cells
• Every human cell (only egg or sperm cell)
that reproduces through meiosis has 23
chromosome (hapliod)