Transcript Study of Biology

Collins I
5 lines
• Explain five characteristics that all living
things share
– Use complete sentences
Study of Biology
What is Biology?
• Biology
things
is the study of all living
• Living things are called organisms
• Organisms include bacteria,
protists, fungi, plants, & animals
All Living Things Share
Common Characteristics
1. Basic Unit is the Cell
2. They Reproduce
3. All Based On Universal Genetic
Code (DNA)
4. Grow & Develop
Common Characteristics
5. Obtain & Use Materials & Energy
6. Respond To Their Environment
7. Maintain A Stable Internal
Environment
8. AS A GROUP, Living Things Evolve,
That Is They Change Over Time
Characteristics of Organisms
All Organisms are made
of Cells
Facts About Cells
• Cells are the smallest living unit
of an organism
• All cells contain living material
called cytoplasm
• All cells are surrounded by a cell
membrane that controls what
enters & leaves the cell
More Cell Facts
• Cells are complex
& highly organized
• Cells have parts
called organelles
that do different
jobs
e.g. Chloroplasts in
plants make
sugars
More Cell Facts
• The simplest cells
•
•
are called
Prokaryotes
These cells DO
NOT have a nucleus
or membrane-bound
organelles
Bacteria are
examples
More Cell Facts
• More complex cells
•
•
are called
Eukaryotes
These cells DO
have a nucleus and
membrane-bound
organelles
Plants, animals,
protists, & fungi
are examples
Organisms are Grouped by their
Number of Cells
• Unicellular Organisms
–Living Organism Made Up Of One
Cell
• Multicellular Organisms
–Living Organism Made Up Of
Many, Specialized Cells
Organisms Reproduce to
Pass on their Genetic Traits
Two Types of Reproduction
• Sexual
Reproduction
– Involves 2 parents
– Egg fertilized by
sperm to make a
ZYGOTE
– Offspring
DIFFERENT from
parents
Two Types of Reproduction
• Asexual
Reproduction
– Involves a single
organism or cell
– Cell divides
– Offspring
IDENTICAL to
parent
Cells Have a Genetic Code
Genetic Code
• DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid)
carries the genetic code for all
organisms
– All organisms contain DNA
– DNA codes for the proteins that make up
cells & do all the work
Organisms Grow & Develop
Growth & Development
• Organisms grow by
•
producing MORE
CELLS & by cell
ENLARGEMENT
Organisms develop
as they mature into
an adult organism
Cells Require Food & Energy
Food Requirements
• Autotrophs can make
•
•
their own food
Photoautotrophs use
sunlight to make
food
(photosynthesis)
Chemoautotrophs
use chemicals such
as iron & sulfur as
their energy
Food Requirements
• Heterotrophs can NOT make their
own food
• They must consume other
organisms
– Herbivores eat plants
– Carnivores eat meat
– Omnivores eat plants & animals
Metabolism
• Sum of all the chemical reactions
in an organism
• All require energy
• Sunlight is the ultimate energy
for life on Earth
Metabolism
• Cellular Respiration
–Cells releasing the chemical
energy stored in foods
6O2 + C6H12O6
6CO2 + 6H2O
Organisms Respond to Stimuli
• Organisms Respond to stimuli
(Temperature, Water, Food
Supplies, etc.) In Order To
Survive & Reproduce
Homeostasis
• Keeping The Internal Environment
(Homeostasis) of The Cell or
Organism Within the ranges required
for LIFE
• Stable internal conditions of pH,
temperature, water balance, etc.
Living Things Evolve
• Groups Of
•
Organisms (Not
Individuals) Change
Over Time In
Order To Survive
Within Changing
Environments.
Fossil records show
changes in groups
of organisms
Life is Organized on
Several Levels
Levels of organization
• Atoms
• Molecules
• Organelles
• Cells – life starts here
•
•
•
•
Tissues
Organs
System
Organism
Exit out
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• No name
• Put the number and the letter answer that
is correct