Transcript agricultural statistics and farming system in eritrea

AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS
ERITREA
Contents
Country Background
Agricultural Statistics in Eritrea
Farming Systems
Country Background
Eritrea is an East-African country
Total area of 124,000 km2
Population estimate of 3.8 million
Bordered by:– The Red sea:- Northeast and East
– Djibouti:- Southeast
– Ethiopia:- South
– Sudan:- West and Northwest
Main Agro-Ecological Zones
Central Highland (>1,500 m.a.s.l)
Western Escarpment (600-1,500 m.a.s.l)
Southwestern Lowland (600-750 m.a.s.l)
Northwestern Lowland (400-1,500 m.a.s.l)
Green Belt (750-2,000 m.a.s.l)
Costal Plain (0-600 m.a.s.l)
Agro-ecological Map
Administrative Regions (Zobas)
NRS
Debub
Debub
NRS
Anseba
SRS
Gash-Barka
Debub
Maekel
Mixed Cereal/Pulse System
In the Green Belt zone
Mixed system including permanent
tree crops
This zone used as seasonal
transhumance for agro-pastoralists
Average annual rainfall 700-1000mm
Dense coniferous dorest
Rainfall
Two Precipitations
 June – September
Western Lowlands and Highlands
 October –March
Eastern Lowlands
Range varies
– 200 mm in the Coastal plains
– 1000 mm in the Eastern Escarpment
Generally rainfall in Eritrea is torrential
and erratic
Agricultural Statistics
Agricultural data collection is weak
Inadequate technical expertise
 absence of Sampling Frame
 Shortage of financial resources
Inadequate trained manpower for
collection, analysis and interpretation
Currently agri-data are organized by
the MOA and Zobas
Crop Data
Crop Assessment Survey (main source)
Conducted every year starting 1992
 Quantitative forecast of crop production
 tentative and not very accurate
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


Crop in the field
Rapid and subjective methods
Based on interview of sample of farmers
No objective measurement used
According the crop assessment survey
Eritrea is a “food deficit” country
Crop Production 1992 - 2006
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Area
(ha)
327,200
395,600
362,960
349,430
371,364
393,403
500,162
472,428
358,696
386,696
393,267
468,093
421,969
521,889
532,969
Prod
(ton)
262,400
98,050
266,570
141,626
96,916
102,913
472,193
340,845
133,211
237,991
64,290
115,330
89,254
386,535
431,549
Yield
(ton/ha)
0.80
0.25
0.73
0.41
0.26
0.26
0.94
0.72
0.37
0.62
0.16
0.25
0.21
0.74
0.80
Mean
(mm)
423
350
487
444
387
523
453
394
312
373
257
288
237
329
Main crop coverage (Average of 1992-06)
6%
1%
6%
14%
8%
47%
6%
12%
Sorghum
Barley
Wheat
Taff
P/millet
F/millet
Maize
Hanfes
Livestock Data
Most livestock producers –Subsistence
50% of cattle herd found in GashBarka Region
Livestock Census conducted – 1997
Livestock Population
(MOA Livestock Population Census 1997)
Description
Maekel
Debub
Anseba
G/Barka
S.K.B
D.K.B
Total
Cattle
40,505
490,093
217,923
917,344
178,532
82,060
1,926,457
Sheep
149,927
614,069
124,300
675,268
462,333
103,047
2,128,944
Goats
23,556
706,409
620,023
1,745,784
994,596
571,417
4,661,785
19,382
25,266
113,263
107,032
53,971
318,914
Camels
Horses
Donkeys
Mules
Poultry
Bees
1,188
3,392
493
5,073
23,432
162,987
60,580
174,725
56
7,324
1,023
921
86,425
512,776
78,247
423,898
26,867
1,370
19,553
1,327
3,439
723
61,140
21,198
504,062
9,324
6,052
1,134,265
26,412
Market Data
Market prices are collected by
different institutions
Agricultural Marketing Can be
Classified as
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



Livestock Marketing
Dairy Marketing
Poultry and Egg Marketing
Horticulture Marketing
Field Crop Marketing
Livestock Marketing
Long and complex channels
Poor trekking routes
MOA promoting transport by vehicles
Poor market facilities
Poor Handling of Hides & Skins
Inaccuracy in price collection
– Animal quality
– Time
Dairy Marketing
About 10,000 dairies
Rise steadily be/n 1991 and 1997 but
fallen back
High demand for milk & milk products
High price of milk
Asmara dairy factory
Poultry and Egg Marketing
Divided into two sectors
– Backyard
– Commercial
Marketed through urban retail
markets
– Farmers
– Traders
Chickens are sold live
No grading for eggs
Horticulture Marketing
Marketing channels vary according to
crop and Region
Mostly delivered directly to markets by
farmers
37% of banana products sold to traders
at farm gate
Fruit trade is dominated by wholesalers
Good market facilities
Field Crop Marketing
Subsistence farmers
Marketing channels
– Farmer to consumer
– Farmer to trader/village collectors
– Farmer to Eritrean Grain Board
Import of field crops is common
Prices rises from time to time
Main Farming Systems
Sedentary rain fed cereal/pulses
system
Mixed cereal/pulse system
Agro-pastoralism
Nomadic pastoralist system
Spate irrigation farming system
Commercial farming system
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