Transcript Presentation

Plant and Animal Cell Structures
Objective 2.0
Identify cell organelles & function.
Cell theory & cell types—prokaryotic &
eukaryotic
What is up with that karyotic
word?
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“karyose” comes from a Greek word
which means kernel, as in a kernel of
grain
In biology we use karyose to refer to
the nucleus of a cell
Pro means before
Eu means true
Cell Types
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Thus prokaryotic literally means before a
nucleus
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Those are cells that have NO organelles, not even
a nucleus
AND
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EUKARYOTIC means possessing a true
nucleus
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Cells like yours that have organelles, which we will
focus on in this objective
A side by side comparison of
prokaryotes & eukaryotes
I. Outer Coverings
A. Cell membrane—the gatekeeper
1.
2.
Who has these? All cells
What are its functions (its jobs)
a.
b.
c.
3.
To keep the cytoplasm inside
To allow nutrients in & wastes out
To interact w/things outside the cell
What kind of molecules make it?
phospholipids
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Animal Cell
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
I. Outer coverings continued
B. Cell wall (found in plants & other
eukaryotic cells & all prokaryotic cells)
1.
Who has these? Plants/algae
2.
What material composes them?
Cellulose
3.
What is its function?
a.
b.
provides strength & support to the cell
protects the cell membrane from tearing
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
II. Nucleus—the brain/control center
A.
B.
It stores DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the
nucleus
stores the materials that will be later used to
make ribosomes in the cytoplasm; thus, it
helps make ribosomes
C.
Ribosomes look like small bumps/circles
1.
2.
Where amino acids hook together to make proteins
Found in all cells (yes, both prokaryotic &
eukaryotic)
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
III. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): the
transportation system or roads of the
cell
A.
Has 3 jobs/functions
1.
2.
3.
Smooth ER makes lipids (fats); rough ER makes
proteins, which is why it is covered in
ribosomes & called ROUGH
Breaks down drugs & other damaging
chemicals
Serves as the internal delivery system of the
cell
IV. Mitochondria—the power
house
A.
B.
Bean shaped organelle w/folds called
cristae that look like Ms or Ws
Must have chemical food particles &
oxygen to make ATP (adenosine
triphosphate) the energy molecule for
all cellular activities
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
V. Chloroplasts—the “money
makers”
A.
B.
C.
D.
Look like stacks of green coins
What has these? Plants, algae, some
bacteria (cyanobacteria)
What fills them & makes them green?
Chlorophyll
They trap sunlight w/the chloroplasts
to make food/energy (sugar) through
a process called photosynthesis
(photo = light, synthesis = make)
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
Chloroplasts
VI. Golgi Body or Golgi Complex—the
shippers or UPS or FEDEX
Located near the cell membrane & looks like
a stack of pancakes
What gets delivered here? Lipids & proteins
from ER
Packages, modifies, & transports materials
to different locations inside/outside of the
cell
A.
B.
C.
1.
2.
Does this by surrounding the modified material
w/a piece of the Golgi’s membrane
The membrane piece pinches/breaks off &
surrounds the material
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
VII. Vacuoles—the storage tank,
Ziploc bag
A.
Functions:
1.
2.
Stores water & other liquids
Supports the cell by pushing outward
against cell membrane & cell wall if
present—turgor pressure in plants
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This is what makes lettuce crisp
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When there is no water, the vacuole gives its water
to the cell & thus can’t push out against the cell
wall
Stores colorful liquids give flowers their color
Contractile vacuole squeezes excess water
out of the cell
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
VIII. Lysosomes—clean up crew
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Circular, but bigger than ribosomes
Destroy worn out or damaged organelles,
break down food into particles the rest of
the cell can use, destroy old cells
Get rid of waste materials
Protect the cell from foreign invaders
Interesting note: you don’t have webbed
fingers like a duck’s feet because lysosomes
destroyed the tissue before we were born
Lysosome image in
cytoplasm/cytosol