Transcript 3.1 Cell Theory TEKS 3F, 4A Cells have an internal

3.1
Cell Theory
The student is expected to:
3F research and describe
the history of biology and
contributions of scientists and 4A
compare and contrast prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
KEY CONCEPT Cells are the Basic unit of life.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists
and improvements in the microscope.
• Many scientists contributed to the cell theory.
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists
and improvements in the microscope.
• Many scientists contributed to the cell theory.
• More was learned about cells
as microscopes improved.
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists
and improvements in the microscope.
• Many scientists contributed to the cell theory.
• More was learned about cells
as microscopes improved.
• The cell theory is a unifying
concept of biology.
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Early studies led to the development of the cell theory.
• The Cell theory has three principles.
– All organisms are made of cells.
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Early studies led to the development of the cell theory.
• The Cell theory has three principles.
– All organisms are made of cells.
– All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Early studies led to the development of the cell theory.
• The Cell theory has three principles.
– All organisms are made of cells.
– All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
– The cell is the most basic unit of life.
3.1
Cell Theory
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal
structures of eukaryotic cells.
• All cells share certain characteristics.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal
structures of eukaryotic cells.
• All cells share certain characteristics.
– Cells tend to be microscopic.
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal
structures of eukaryotic cells.
• All cells share certain characteristics.
– Cells tend to be microscopic.
– All cells are enclosed
cell membrane
by a membrane.
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and most internal
structures of eukaryotic cells.
• All cells share certain characteristics.
– Cells tend to be microscopic.
– All cells are enclosed
cell membrane
by a membrane.
– All cells are filled with
cytoplasm.
cytoplasm
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic
cells.
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic
cells.
• Eukaryotic cells have a
nucleus.
nucleus
cell membrane
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic
cells.
• Eukaryotic cells have a
nucleus.
nucleus
• Prokaryotic cells do
not have membranebound organelles.
organelles
cell membrane
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic
cells.
• Prokaryotic cells do not
have a nucleus.
nucleus
organelles
cell membrane
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic
cells.
• Prokaryotic cells do not
have a nucleus.
nucleus
• Prokaryotic cells do not
have membrane-bound
organelles.
organelles
cell membrane
cytoplasm
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.
3.1
Cell Theory
Cells have an internal structure.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
– supports and shapes cell
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
– supports and shapes cell
– helps position and transport organelles
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
– supports and shapes cell
– helps position and transport organelles
– provides strength
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
– supports and shapes cell
– helps position and transport organelles
– provides strength
– assists in cell division
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions.
– supports and shapes cell
– helps position and transport organelles
– provides strength
– assists in cell division
– aids in cell movement
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
• The nucleus stores genetic information.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
• The nucleus stores genetic information.
• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
• The nucleus stores genetic information.
• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.
• There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
• The nucleus stores genetic information.
• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.
• There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
– rough endoplasmic
reticulum
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins.
• The nucleus stores genetic information.
• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.
• There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
– rough endoplasmic
reticulum
– smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
3.1
Cell Theory
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins. (continued)
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins. (continued)
• Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Several organelles are involved in making and
processing proteins. (continued)
• Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.
• Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.
3.1
Cell Theory
Other organelles have various functions.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Other organelles have various functions.
• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Other organelles have various functions.
• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Other organelles have various functions.
• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Other organelles have various functions.
• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.
• Centrioles are tubes found in the
centrosomes.
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Other organelles have various functions.
• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.
• Centrioles are tubes found in the
centrosomes.
– Centrioles help divide
DNA.
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Other organelles have various functions.
• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.
• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.
• Centrioles are tubes found in the
centrosomes.
– Centrioles help divide
DNA.
– Centrioles form cilia and
flagella.
3.1
Cell Theory
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
• A cell wall provides rigid support.
TEKS 3F, 4A
3.1
Cell Theory
TEKS 3F, 4A
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
• A cell wall provides rigid support.
• Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy.