cell - Teacherpage
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Transcript cell - Teacherpage
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Summary
The Cell
Structures & Functions
What is “Cell Theory”?
The idea that all living things are made up of cells.
What’s so special about cells?
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
Yeast Cells
Where do cells come from?
All cells come from
preexisting cells
through cell division.
Bean Cells in Mitosis
Definition of the Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable
of performing life functions.
Would you like to see
some examples?
Even if you don’t, too bad.
Remember…
These are magnified
images taken with
microscopes
Some cells have been
stained with color so you
can see them better.
Nerve Cell
Bacteria Cell
Tree cells from the stomach of a possum.
Brain Cell
Cornstalk Cells
Mammalian Tissue
•Smooth muscle are structurally the simplest muscle cells
•Provide contractile forces for most internal organs
•Controls flow of blood through vessels and moves food
through digestive tract.
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
One-celled organisms
Example: Bacteria
Few internal structures
surrounded by
membranes
Cells Dividing: Bacteria from a Taxi Cab
Eukaryotic
Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Humans & Animals
“Typical” Animal Cell
“Typical” Plant Cell
Cell Parts and Functions
Cell Wall
Plant, not animal cells
Outer layer, rigid, strong, stiff
Made of cellulose
Cell Parts and Functions
Cell Membrane
Plant & animal cells
Protects the cell
Lets things in and out of the cell
Location: around the cell
Cell Parts and Functions
Nucleus
Plant & animal cells
Large & oval
Control center
Location:
Inside the cell,
Near the center
Cell Parts and Functions
Nucleolus (Nucleoli)
Plant & animal cells
Makes ribosomes
Location: inside the nucleus
(dark spot)
Nuclear Membrane
Plant & animal cells
Protects around nucleus
Lets things in/out of nucleus (pores)
Selectively permeable
cell
Cell Parts and Functions
Cytoplasm
Plant & Animal
Clear, thick, jellylike
Holds all organelles in cell
Location: in cell
Cell Parts and Functions
Chromatin/Chromosomes
In Plant & Animal Cells
Contains genetic information/traits
Location: In nucleus
Cell Parts and Functions
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
Plant & animal cells
Network of tubes and membranes
Transports materials and sends messages to all parts of the cell
Two types: smooth and rough (has ribosomes)
Location: attaches from cell membrane to nuclear membrane
Rough E.R.
Cell Parts and Functions
Ribosome
Plant & Animal Cells
Makes proteins
Small circular shape
Location:
In Cytoplasm or
Attached to E.R.
Mitochondria
Plant & animal
Bean shaped with inner membranes
Makes energy/powerhouse
Breaks down sugar into energy
Location: In Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Cell Structure & Function
Vacuole
Plant = few/large
Animal = small
Fluid filled sacs
Stores food, water & waste
Location: In cytoplasm
Vacuole
What does a vacuole remind you of?
Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
Located in Plant & Animal Cells
Packages and secretes
Gets rid of waste
Location: in cytoplasm
What does a Golgi Body remind you of?
GOLGI APPARATUS
Cell Parts and Functions
Lysosome
Plant & Animal Cells
Contains digestive enzymes
Destroys bacteria, old cell parts…
Location: in cytoplasm
Centrioles
Plant & Animal Cells
Helps the cell to divide
Location: in cytoplasm
Cell Parts and Functions
Cilia
Most Plant, Animal & Bacteria Cells
Short hair-like projections
Used for movement
Location: outside of cell
Flagella
Most Plant, Animal & Bacteria Cells
Long whip-like tail
Used for movement
Location: outside of cell
What’s
that?
?
Cell Structures and Functions
Chloroplast
Only in plant cells
Contains chlorophyll
Makes plants green
Traps light energy from the sun
Light Energy = Chemical Energy
(Where photosynthesis occurs)
Chemical Energy = Food for the Plant
Cell Structures and Functions
Plastids
Found in Plant Cells
Stores extra food
Located in cytoplasm
Can you name these plant cell parts?
A.
B.
C.
Cell Parts and Functions
Cytoskeleton
Also called Microfilament
Plant & Animal Cells
Made of thin hollow tubes
Like a spider web
Supports & transports
“Super Highway”
Microfilament (cytoskeleton) of mouse embryo
fibroblasts, stained with FITC-phalloidin (100fold magnification.)
Can you name these animal cell parts?
Cell
#1
Membrane
#2
Rough E.R.
#3
Ribosome's
Cytoskeleton or
Microfilaments
#4
#5
Mitochondria