Transcript Cell Structure

Cell Structure
Pages 70-77
What do cells have in
common?



A cell is the smallest
unit that is capable of
performing life
functions.
Cell Membrane—The
outer covering of a
cell. The cell
membrane is located
inside the cell wall of
plant cells.
Cytoplasm—The
gelatin-like material
inside cells.
QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
How are cells different?



Cells can be as large as a meter or as
small as a “.” or even smaller.
Eukaryotic—These are cells with
membrane bound structures.
Prokaryotic—These are cells with no
membrane bound structures.
Red Blood Cells
Adipose Cells
Bacteria
Ebola Virus on a Cell
Eukaryotic Cells




This type of cell is
found in your bodies.
They contain
organelles that move
materials and act as
storage sites.
A Typical Animal Cell
A Typical Plant Cell
Prokaryotic Cells




These cells are only
found in one-celled
organisms such as
bacteria.
A network of fibers
called the cytoskeleton
supports the cell. The
cytoskeleton is inside
the cytoplasm.
A Typical Bacterial Cell
Real time growth of
bacteria.
Common cell structures
 Nucleus—Contains the
DNA.
 Usually the largest
organelle in a cell.
 Materials enter and
leave the nucleus by
openings in the nuclear
membrane.
 Ribosome—Small
structure in a cell on
which proteins are
made.
The nucleus of
this muscle
cell has been
stained blue
Detailed picture
of a complete
ribosome, using
x-ray
crystallography
Common cell structures
cont’d
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)—A series of folded
membranes that may be
rough of smooth.
Attached ribosomes
cause ER to be rough.
 Golgi Bodies—Carry
cellular substances
(proteins) to the cell
membrane where they
are released to outside
the cell. They also act as
temporary storage for
the cell.
The green
cloudy area
is the ER.
The Golgi
bodies in this
image were
stained green
Common cell structures
cont’d


Lysosome—Help break
down food molecules,
cell wastes, and wornout cell parts.
Mitochondria—Releases
energy from food
particles. Known as the
power house of the cell.
The lysosomes
in this image
have been
stained red.
The cell as seen
through a light
microscope.
A mitochondria
Plant only cell structures

Cell wall—A tough,
rigid outer covering
that protects the cell
and gives it shape.
– The cells of plants,
algae, fungi, and most
bacteria are enclosed in
a cell wall.
– Plant cell walls are
made of cellulose.
– Water and dissolved
materials can pass
through cell walls.
Plant only cont’d


Chloroplast—Location
of food production in
plant cells.
Vacuole—Storage site
within a plant cell.
From a cell to an
organism
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
From a cell to an
organism cont’d
Cell—The smallest unit
capable of life.
Tissue—A group of similar
cells that work
together to do one job.
Organ—A structure made
up of two or more
types of tissue that
work together.
From a cell to an
organism cont’d
Organ system—A
group of organs
working together to
perform a certain
function.
Organism—A group of
organ systems
working together.
YOU!