Transcript Does it eat seeds?

NOTE:
This presentation was not made for public
use. Please do not use this presentation
without my permission and the permission of
each of the authors of the photographs,
quotes, and other materials that they contain.
Thank you,
Vicki Hughes
Labs, Activities, and special WS for this presentation:
Dichotomous Key WS
Classification Video WS
Biological Evolution
Remember…
TIME
Evolution is change over time.
Recipe for Evolution 2:32
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/selection/recipe/
What changes over time?
Animals
Telephones
Plants
What DOES NOT change over time?
Conservation of Mass
• Many creatures that lived in the past don’t
exist today.
dalje.com
weblo.com
www.geekologie.com
Many creatures that exist today look different from
those in the fossil records.
painofpoetry.wordpress.com/2008/06/
57poets.files.wordpress.com
wildlifephototour.com
CHARLES DARWIN

Proposed a way to
explain HOW evolution
works
 How
did creatures
change over time?
 natural selection

Collected a lot of
evidence to support his
ideas
 1809-1882
 British
naturalist
biblauragraphy.files.wordpress.com
VOYAGE OF THE HMS BEAGLE

Invited to travel around the world


1831-1836
makes many observations of nature
 main
mission of the Beagle was to
chart South American coastline
Robert Fitzroy
HMS Beagle
mun.ca
VOYAGE OF THE HMS BEAGLE

Stopped in Galapagos Islands

500 miles off coast of Ecuador
www.frontierdiving.com
DE Jeff Corwin Experience (Galapagos)
FIELD RESEARCH IN GALAPAGOS
Galapagos Research
Video
www.frontierdiving.com
Darwin developes an idea.
• Adaptations
– traits that help individuals
survive
•
•
•
•
survive predators
survive disease
compete for food
compete for territory
– traits that help individuals
reproduce
• attracting a mate
• compete for nesting sites
• successfully raise young
mesh.biology.washington.edu
sagribow.sulekha.com
Adaptations
www.standardbredcanada.ca
farm3.static.flickr.com
3.bp.blogspot.com
flickr.com
www.solarnavigator.net
www.alaskanadventuretours.com
Survival & Reproduction of the fittest
msnbcmedia.msn.com
firemice.wordpress.com
strongest…
not
not the
the
biggest…
fastest…
bravest…
…IT
IS the
FITTEST!
www.arktimes.com
www.uwyo.edu
pixdaus.com
Adaptations
the traits that help an organism FIT the
environment better to survive & reproduce
Artificial vs. Natural Selection 6:10 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/variation/recipe/
A little fun with camouflage…
conservationreport.com
EOG L30
www.dpughphoto.com
bisbeemedia.com
designboom.com
Natural Selection
Main Points of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
1. Over production.
Most organisms produce more offspring than can
survive.
Main Points of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
2. Competition.
Organisms compete for food and resources.
Main Points of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
3. Variation.
There is genetic variation among individuals of a species.
Gene Pool = all genes
found in a population
Mutations =
changes in DNA
Main Points of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
4. Adaptation.
Individuals with traits best suited to the environment will
survive and those without those traits will not.
Classic Example of Natural Selection’s effects on a population:
English Peppered Moth
No lichen.
Lichen cover.
ACT 35
Fossils and Speciation
Extinction = loss of all members of a species
99.9% of all species that have ever lived have gone extinct.
Mass extinction = large numbers of species go extinct.
Speciation = formation of a new species
Behavioral Isolation =
isolation due to differences in
BEHAVIORS.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/02/070221-riflebird-video.html
astadnik.wordpress.com
Geographic Isolation =
isolation due to differences in
LOCATIONS.
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp24/2402002.html
Speciation = formation of a new species
Temporal Isolation =
isolation due to differences in
SCHEDULES.
muleabides.wordpress.com
Liger
Parapatric Speciation =
isolation due to differences in
ENVIRONMENTS.
evolution.berkeley.edu
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/pages/bcsmain.asp?s=00020&n=01000&i=01020.01&v=category&o=%7C00510%7C00570%7C00520%7C00530%7C00540%7C00550%7C00580%7C00130%7C00PRS
%7C00560%7C00590%7C00010%7C00020%7C00030%7C00040%7C00050%7C00060%7C00070%7C00120%7C00080%7C00090%7C00100%7C00110%7C01
000%7C02000%7C03000%7C040&ns=0&t=&uid=0&rau=0
Darwin’s Finches = beaks had adapted to food resources
Species evolve in stages, usually with many new species
developing along the way.
Hominid
primates
Homo
habilis
Homo
erectus
Modern
whale
Homo
Homo sapiens
neanderthalensis
Dorudon
Rhodocetus
Whale Evolution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8cn0kf8mhS4
Pakicetus
Gradualism = gradual changes
Punctuated Equilibrium = points
of change followed by periods of
no change
ACT L36
Evidence of Evolution
HOMOLOGOUS Structures = same shape but different functions.
ANALOGOUS Structures = different shape but same functions.
Vestigial organs = organs that are still present but
are no longer useful.
Comparative Embryology
Development of embryo tells an evolutionary story
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
• Development of embryo tells an evolutionary
story
Human
Fish
Calf
Salamander
Hog
– similar
Tortoise
Rabbit
chicken
EOG L31
structures during development
Classification
Classification = systematic
grouping of organisms
based on common
characteristics
Taxonomist = scientists
who study how to classify
organisms.
Kingdoms
Linnaeus…
Developed the
binomial nomenclature
(named for Genus species)
system:
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
(Did King Phillip Come Over
For Good spaghetti?)
Know your human classification:
Domain:
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens
How to write a genus and species name:
1. Capital first letter of genus; all lower case for species.
2. Either type in italics or underline.
their levels of classification.
Organism
Which two organisms are most closely related?
Classification Level Keys = compare organisms according to
DOMAIN
EUKARYA
EUKARYA
EUKARYA
KINGDOM
ANIMAL
ANIMALIA
ANIMAL
ANIMALIA
ANIMALIA
PLANT
PHYLUM
CHORDATE
CHORDATA
ARTHROPOD
CHORDATA
CLASS
MAMMAL
MAMMALIA
MAMMALIA
INSECT
ORDER
PRIMATE
ODONATE
PRIMATE
CARNIVORA
ASTERALE
FAMILY
HOMINID
AESHNIDAE
PONGIDAE
ASTERACEAE
FELIDAE
GENUS
HOMO
AESHNA
GORILLA
HELIANTHUS
FELIS
species
sapiens
eremita
gorilla
agrestus
domesticus
MAGNOLIOPHYTE
CHORDATA
MAGNOLIOPSID
MAMMALIA
Family Tree = shows relationships of one group
Cladogram = shows relationships of several groups
SciShow Human Evolution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROwKq3kxPEA
Spider Keys = identify organisms using a system of questions
that have only two answers...drawn as a diagram.
Does it have wings?
Does it live
in water?
Great Plains
Bison
Rainbow
Trout
Does it eat seeds?
Eagle
Is it red?
Yellow Warbler
Cardinal
Dichotomous Keys = identify organisms using a system of
questions that have only two answers.
Does it have wings?
EOG L32 & ACT L37
Does it
live in
water?
Great
Plains
Bison
Rainbow
Trout
Does it eat seeds?
Eagle
Yellow
Warbler
Is it red?
Cardinal
Q1. Does it have wings?
No…Go to Question 2a.
Yes…Go to Question 2b.
Q2a. Does it live in water?
No…Great Plains Bison
Yes…Rainbow Trout
Q2b. Does it eat seeds?
No…Eagle
Yes…Go to Q3.
Q3. Is it red?
No…Yellow Warbler
Yes…Cardinal
Animal Phyla
Be able to recognize organisms belonging to each phyla.
Sponges
simplest animals
Cnidarians
hydra
jellyfish
sea anemones
corals
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Mollusks
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Vertebrates
ACT L38
Any
Questions?
10:00 Evolution Irreducible Complexity
http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/evoluti
on-irreducible-complexity/