Transcript File

Evolution & Classification
Early Earth Quick Check
1. What does BIOTIC
mean?
Living
2. What does ABIOTIC
mean?
Non-living
Biogenesis = life comes from
other living things
3. What is the difference
between BIOGENSIS and
ABIOGENESIS?
4. What experiment did
Pasteur perform?
5. What theory did Pasteur’s
experiment help
support?
BIOGENESIS
Abiogenesis = life comes
from non-living things
ABIOGENESIS = LIFE COMES FROM NON-LIVING THINGS
BIOGENESIS = LIFE COMES FROM OTHER LIVING THINGS
REDI
PASTEUR
6. Miller and Urey performed
The experiment to the left.
Describe their experiment.
7. What organic molecules
formed?
Evolution of Cells Quick Check
1. What are the main differences
between AUTOTROPHS and
HETEROTROPHS?
Make food
2. What are the main differences
between PROKARYOTIC and
EUKARYOTIC cells?
3. What are the main differences
between AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC
respiration?
4. What gas was lacking from Early
Earth’s atmosphere?
Simple
Aerobic: Uses
OXYGEN
OXYGE
N
Find and
Collect
food
Complex
Anaerobic: does
NOT use
OXYGEN
5. What order did cells evolve, starting with the oldest?
EVOLUTION OF CELLS…
No OXYGEN, which means NO PHOTOSYNTHESIS, which means organisms found food and did NOT make
it
Anaerobic Heterotrophic Prokaryotic Cells
SUN, WATER & CARBON DIOXIDE available on early earth – the organisms use these to begin doing PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthetic Prokaryotic Cells
PHOTOSYNTHESIS creates OXYGEN – this allows heterotrophic organisms to make MORE ATP than with no Oxygen…
Aerobic Heterotrophic Prokaryotic Cells
Aerobic Heterotrophic Prokaryote (mitochondria) & Photosynthetic Prokaryote (chloroplast) form a partnership…
(Endosynbiotic Theory)
Eukaryotic Cells
Theories of Evolution Quick Check
1. Where do you get your traits from?
These are all ENVIRONMENTAL
changes! You cannot pass down
your environmental choices,
only your GENETIC code!
MOM and DAD
So…..
NO!!!!
2. If your Mom decided to get a tattoo, does that mean she will pass on
the tattoo to you?!!
NO!!!!
3. If your Dad decides to become a body builder and goes to the
gym for 10 hours a day, will he be able to pass his muscles onto
you?!!
4. Your Mom’s hair is brown, but she dyed it blonde. Will she be
able to pass her new hair color on to you?!!
NO!!!!
5. Your Dad is a smoker and acquires lung cancer from smoking
cigarettes for many years. Does that mean he can pass his lung
cancer on to you?!!!
NO!!!!
6. Explain the 3 principles of Darwin’s theory of Natural
Selection.
VARIATION
Most with SHORTER necks
(Differences among members
of the species)
Occasionally some with LONGER
necks
COMPETITION
(More organisms than resources.
Must compete for food, shelter
and mates)
NATURAL
SELECTION
(Those with the best traits and
adaptations for the environment are able
to survive and reproduce.)
LONGER neck = easier time
getting food
Food = survival
LONG NECK = BETTER TRAIT
LONG Neck giraffes more successful in
obtaining food and mates
LONG neck gene is passed on because
it is the more successful trait
Future generations look more
and more like the successful traits
– LONG NECK giraffes
Evidence for Evolution Quick Check
1. How are fossils used as evidence
for evolution?
2. What is the difference between
relative and absolute dating?
3. Which organism in the diagram is
the OLDEST? Why?
4. What the the difference between
Homologous Structure and
Vestigial Structures?
5. What is embryology?
6. How is embryology used as
evidence for evolution
7. What is biochemical evidence?
AMINO ACID
HUMANS AND CHIMPANZEES
Most AMINO ACIDS IN COMMON
HORSE – MOST AMINO ACIDS IN COMMON
Mechanisms of Evolution Quick Check
1. What is a species?
2. What is Geographic isolation?
3. What does Geographic isolation
lead to?
The ocean – different
Islands
Beak shape changed,
due to the different food
sources on each island
•The finches were physically separated
•The environments were different
•This means the best adaptations differed by island
•Over time the populations began to look like the
best adapted.
Antibiotic and Pesticide Resistance
Just to make sure…
ORGANISMS DO NOT CHOOSE SUCCESSFUL TRAITS!!!!
THE ENVIRONMENT SELECTS WHICH TRAITS BENEFIT THE ORGANISM
FOR THE ENVIRONMENT THEY ARE IN!
Classification Quick Check
1. What is the 7-level classification system?
KING
KINGDOM
PHILIP
PHYLUM
CAME
CLASS
OVER
ORDER
FOR
FAMILY
GOOD
GENUS
SOUP
SPECIES
USED FOR SCIENTIFIC NAMING:
Genus species
2. What is binomial nomenclature?
SCIENTIFIC NAMING USED UNDERSTOOD BY ALL SCIENTIST ACROSS THE WORLD.
TO NAME:
GENUS = FIRST NAME (capitalize first letter)
SPECIES = LAST NAME (all lowercase)
EXAMPLE:
Homo sapien
GENUS
SPECIES
COMMON NAME = HUMAN
Dichotomous Quick Check
3. What is a dichotomous key?
EAGLE
JOCANA
COMMORANT
KINGFISHER
GEOSPIZA
PLATYSPIZA
CERTHIDEA
CAMARHYNCHUS
Cladograms Quick Check
4. What is a Cladograms?
5. What type of relationships do cladograms
show?
6. On a cladogram, what do the tick marks mean?
MOUSE and CHIMP
Salamander, Lizard, Pigeon, Mouse, Chimp
Pigeon
Hagfish
Phylogenic Trees Quick Review
7. What do Phylogenic trees show?
8. Where is the oldest organism located?
9. What does each branch represent?
10. What is a “common ancestor”?
A
D, E and F
They are the closest
together on the same
branch