Transcript Evolution Review Gamex

Evolution Review Game!!
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• Idea that life comes from nonliving things.
– Ex: maggots come from rotting meat
smsstem.blogspot.com
Abiogenesis or spontaneous generation
• Idea that life comes from preexisting life
– Ex: you come from your parents
Biogenesis
• Who conducted the following experiment?
1. One set of jars with meat open
2. One set of jars with meat closed
3. Flies gathered on open meat and laid eggs
4. Maggots appeared only on open meat.
www.josephmastropaolo.com
Francesco Redi
• What did Redi’s experiment prove?
Maggots come from preexisting life
smsstem.blogspot.com
• Who conducted the following experiment?
1. Heated broth in goose neck flask
2. Let broth sit for days
3. Broth still clear
4. Broke neck off of flask
5. Broth turned cloudy with micorganisms
Louis Pasteur
en.wikipedia.org
• What was the conclusion of Pasteur’s
experiment?
Biogenesis: Life comes from preexisting life
• Any trace or remains of an organism that has
been preserved by a natural process
Fossils
www.blog.gurukpo.com
• How are fossils used as evidence of evolution?
Comparing structure of fossils with present
day organisms allow us to infer evolutionary
relationships
2 pts
greaterancestors.com
• What type of rock are fossils found in?
Sedimentary
www.studyofoahspe.com
• Do all organisms that die become fossils?
No
• Why?
– Not in sedimentary rock
– Decay quickly (rainforest)
– Get eaten
4pts
room42.wikispaces.com
www.dinosaur-toys-collectors-guide.com
• Method of dating that uses fossils position in
sedimentary rock
Relative dating
http://quizlet.com/4079105/relativeabsolute-age-datingfossils-flash-cards/
• Law that says:
– Since layers are deposited at different times,
layers on the bottom are older than on top
Law of Superposition
bumipunbercerita.blogspot.com
• Method of dating that gives a precise age
Absolute Dating
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• The use of decay of radioactive elements
found in organisms to find their absolute age
• Ex: Carbon dating
• Radioactive Dating
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktvTqknDobU
• What is Half-Life?
How many years it takes for half of the
amount of an element to decay
• Suppose a radioactive element has a half-life
of 10,000 years. If the original amount of the
element in an organism is 18g, how old is the
organism if the amount of the element is
currently 9g?
10,000 years old
• What if there was only 4.5g left?
20,000
• What are the two types of evolution?
• Geological Evolution: the evolution of the
Earth itself
• Organic Evolution: the evolution of living
things
2 pts
• Name 3 pieces of evidence that supports
evolution.
Fossils
Homologous Structures
Vestigial Structures
Similarities in Embryology
Darwin’s Finches
Antibiotic Resistance
Pesticide Resistance
Sickle Cell Anemia and Malaria
3 pts
• Whose explanation of evolution was correct?
Darwin
book.pdfchm.net
• Describe Natural Selection.
 Individuals survive that have inherited traits
adapted to their environment.
1 pt
• Use Lamarck’s explanations to explain why
crabs have large claws
io9.com
Tendency towards perfection: Crabs want big
claws
Use and disuse: Crabs use their claws a lot so
they got big
Acquired characteristics: Crabs passed on the
large claw trait to their offspring
• Use Darwin’s explanations to explain how
crabs got large claws.
 Overproduction: too many crabs
 Competition/struggle: large fish
 Genetic variation: some crabs had large/med/small
claws
 Survival of the fittest/Natural Selection: the large claw
gave those crabs a better chance of surviving to
adulthood to reproduce and therefore passing on their
“large claw” gene to offspring
 EVOLUTION!!!! After several generations the species
change and become better adapted to their
environment
5 pts
• What is a gene pool?
http://cheezburger.com/2453817600
All genes in a population
• What is a population?
Groups of interbreeding individuals that live in
the same place at the same time
What does this picture represent?
Homologous structures
• What is a vestigial structure and give an
example.
Structures that no longer function or function
less than in an ancestor, but are present
because they are left over from an ancestor
Ex: tailbone in humans, appendix in humans,
wisdom teeth in humans, toe on a boa
2 pts
What organism is most closely related
to the fish?
The salamander.
www.eurekalert.org
• Explain how Darwin’s finches are used as
evidence for common ancestry.
www.biology-online.org
There are 13 species of finches on the
Galapagos that descended form 1 common
ancestor form the mainland of South America.
Similar because inherited similar DNA from
common ancestor, different because
environmental pressures cause natural
selection
3 pts
• What caused a change in the genetics to make
some bacteria resistant to antibiotics?
A mutation
www.docstoc.com
*Be sure you can use Darwin’s
explanations to describe this
process!!
• Suppose you were living in tropical Africa.
Would you rather be Homozygous dominant
for the sickle cell gene, Heterozygous for the
sickle cell gene, or homozygous recessive for
the sickle cell gene?
• Why?
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Individuals heterozygous for the trait are
resistant to malaria and therefore have a
better chance of surviving to reproduce
AA- does not have sickle cell, NOT resistant to malaria
Aa- does not have sickle cell, resistant to malaria
aa- has sickle cell anemia, resistant to malaria
2pts
• Natural selection depends on what?
Variation
Struggle
Survival of the “fittest”
3pts
• Natural Selection is based on the laws of
____________.
Laws of GENETICS!!
GENES!!!!!!!!!!!!
3pts (because I love genes!!)
• Explain crossing over
yahoosports.tumblr.com
Crossing over is the exchange of genes form
one homologous chromosome to another
www.jogtheweb.com
• What is the only source of a new gene type?
Mutation
simpsons.wikia.com
• What are two methods of isolation? Give
examples
Geography
Ex rivers or mountains
Reproduction
Mate at different times or places
4 pts
• How is isolation a source of genetic variation?
The isolated population may have different
environmental pressure and therefore
different genes may be selected for.
2 pts
• Isolation often leads to speciation.
• What is speciation?
The development of a new species
1 pt
How new species can emerge:
_________→ _________→ __________→ _________
Genetic variation → environmental change→
natural selection→ new species
4 pts
• Those species that produce many "cheap"
offspring and live in unstable environments
R-selection
1 pt
• Give an example of an organism that exhibits
k-selection
Elephants, monkeys, humans
e7xavierbiology.wikispaces.com
• Is gradualism faster or slower than punctuated
equilibrium?
Slower
1 pt
• When a single species or small group of
species evolves into many different forms
Adaptive Radiation
1 pt
www.biology-online.org
• What type of evolution describes:
• Grizzly bears and Polar bears have a common bear
ancestor, but different climates selected for different
climates selected for different variations
nickolaylamm.com
Divergent Evolution
1 pt
• Unrelated organisms have similar traits due to
similar environments
Convergent Evolution
http://www.beatricebiologist.com/2010/11/convergent-evolution.html
www.zo.utexas.edu
1 pt
• What type of selection does this graph
describe?
Directional
1 pt
• What type of selection results in species
having both extremes of a trait; can lead to
speciation
Disruptive Selection
1 pt
• Average birth weight is an example of what
type of selection?
Stabilizing Selection
1 pt
This PowerPoint can be viewed at a video at:
http://youtu.be/rBOtZU33UF4