Transcript Evidences of Evolutionx

Evidences of Evolution
Key Evidences of Evolution
Fossil evidence
Morphology similarities
Biochemical (molecular) similarities
Comparative Embryology
Bio-geographical comparison
Fossil Evidence
Fossils with similar structures among Mammals
Most mammals
(a) Canis (dog)
Cetaceans and even-toed ungulates
(b) Pakicetus
(c) Sus (pig)
(d) Odocoileus (deer)
Morphology Similarities
 Morphology --- structures among organisms
 Homologous structures
 Show individual variations on a common anatomical theme.
These are seen in organisms that are closely related.
 Example:

Forearm structures of organisms such as --- Human, cat, bat,
whale, crocodile
Homologous structures
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Human
Cat
Whale
Bat
Analogous Structures
 Analogous structures
 Have very different anatomies by similar functions. These
are seen in organisms that are not necessarily closely related,
but live in similar environments and have similar adaptations.
 Examples:
Bird wing
 Butterfly wing

Vestigial Structures
 Vestigial structures
 Anatomical remnants that were important in the organism’s
ancestors, but are no longer used in the same way.
 Examples:
Appendix
 Wisdom teeth
 Little toe
 Tailbone
 Muscles for moving the ear
 Body hair (human)

Biochemical (molecular) similarities
 Two closely related species are more similar in DNA than
are more distantly related species
 ACTTGCAATCAC
- Origin or Ancestor
 ACTTGCTATCAC - organism 1
 ACT/GCTATCAC - organism 2
 Molecular biology can be used to assess evolutionary
kinship
Comparative Embryology
Pharyngeal
pouches
Post-anal
tail
Chick embryo (LM)
Human embryo
Bio-geographical Comparison
NORTH
AMERICA
Sugar
glider
AUSTRALIA
Flying
squirrel
“Evolving Understanding…” Work
 Now that you have been introduced to the 5 key




evidences of evolution… Let’s continue the study…
Read the p1 (top ½) , pages 2 & 3, highlighting areas
to remember regarding the 5 different evidences of
evolution
Then answer Analysis questions (p1) #1-2 in your
notebook
AND copy the table (bottom of page 1) into your
notebook and fill in table in your own words
REFERENCE: ORCA book pp 377-421.
Fossil Study
 Use the following to complete the Fossil study
 page 4 of the packet
 ORCA Book and Green handout
 Fossil samples at lab stations
Fossil Microscopic Study
 Microscopic work (Mini-lab 14.1 – p379 ORCA bk)
 Use the Fossil Diatoms in containers at lab stations
 Microscope and Slides, coverslips and Water, dropper
 Draw sketch of the diatomaceous rock
 Compare to pictures in Orca book (p379)
 Answer questions p379 / handout