Transcript OGT Prep 2 - HensonsBiologyPage

OGT Review 2
Evolution, Classification, Kingdoms
• Charles Darwin studied finches on Galapagos
Islands
– Found species of finches had different beaks
based on where they lived
– Concluded birds that had developed the “good”
trait lived to produce more offspring
– Evolution-change in population that leads to a
new species
• Cause of changes in population is mutations
• Natural Selection- due to variations among
members of a species some individuals in a
population are better adapted than others to
meet challenges. These survive and
reproduce while others die out.
• Adaptations- inherited characteristics that
enhance survival in a given habitat
Review Quiz
What is an incorrect statement about
vestigial organs?
a. The human appendix and the snake’s pelvis are
examples of vestigial organs
b. Vestigial organs are structures that were once
useful to the species’ ancestor but no longer
serve a useful function
c. Vestigial structures show common relationships
with ancestral species
d. Vestigial organs are adaptations that allow
organisms to survive in their environment
What is an incorrect statement about
vestigial organs?
a. The human appendix and the snake’s pelvis are
examples of vestigial organs
b. Vestigial organs are structures that were once
useful to the species’ ancestor but no longer
serve a useful function
c. Vestigial structures show common relationships
with ancestral species
d. Vestigial organs are adaptations that allow
organisms to survive in their environment
What statement is correct about
embryology?
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a. Scientists can use embryos to shows if species
were in existence before dinosaurs
b. Similarities in embryos of different species
suggest a common ancestor
c. Embryology is the study of reproductive
methods in organisms
d. Only one vertebrate species has tails and gill
slits at some point in its early development
What statement is correct about
embryology?
a. Scientists can use embryos to shows if species
were in existence before dinosaurs
b. Similarities in embryos of different species
suggest a common ancestor
c. Embryology is the study of reproductive
methods in organisms
d. Only one vertebrate species has tails and gill
slits at some point in its early development
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Which statement best describes
Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution
by natural selection?
a. Species change whenever individuals in the
population adapt to their environment
b. Most species in nature change when humans
select which individuals to breed
c. Species that have favorable traits live longer
and pass those traits on to offspring
d. Animal populations change in appearance
mostly due to favorable mutations in DNA
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Which statement best describes
Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution
by natural selection?
a. Species change whenever individuals in the
population adapt to their environment
b. Most species in nature change when humans
select which individuals to breed
c. Species that have favorable traits live longer
and pass those traits on to offspring
d. Animal populations change in appearance
mostly due to favorable mutations in DNA
Which is not true about fossil evidence?
a. Nitrogen-dating gives the absolute age of a
fossil
b. Fossils found in geologic columns of
sedimentary rock give a relative age
c. Fossils can be imprints, molds, bones, or
whole organisms
d. Fossils allow scientists to determine
relatedness by comparing structures and
anatomy of different organisms
Which is not true about fossil evidence?
a. Nitrogen-dating gives the absolute age of a
fossil
b. Fossils found in geologic columns of
sedimentary rock give a relative age
c. Fossils can be imprints, molds, bones, or
whole organisms
d. Fossils allow scientists to determine
relatedness by comparing structures and
anatomy of different organisms
Which statement is not correct about
divergent evolution?
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a. It results in homologous structures
b. It can result in adaptive radiation
c. It leads to speciation – one species
becoming many due to new adaptations in
different environments
d. It can be illustrated as:
Which statement is not correct about
divergent evolution?
24
a. It results in homologous structures
b. It can result in adaptive radiation
c. It leads to speciation – one species
becoming many due to new adaptations in
different environments
d. It can be illustrated as:
Convergent evolution leads to:
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a. Homologous structures with common origins
that are modified for different environments
b. Analogous structures with common origins that
are modified for different environments
c. Homologous structures that have different
origins but similar functions
d. Analogous structures that have different origins
but similar functions
Convergent evolution leads to:
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a. Homologous structures with common origins
that are modified for different environments
b. Analogous structures with common origins that
are modified for different environments
c. Homologous structures that have different
origins but similar functions
d. Analogous structures that have different origins
but similar functions
Which of the statements does not
accurately describe natural selection:
f.
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Organisms that are best adapted for their environment
live longer and produce more offspring
g. Humans select organisms with desirable traits to
interbreed and pass those traits to the next generation
h. Organisms which have certain traits that help them
survive are more likely to pass those traits onto their
offspring
j. It is when nature selects traits that will most help an
organism survive and reproduce in its environment
Which of the statements does not
accurately describe natural selection:
f.
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Organisms that are best adapted for their environment
live longer and produce more offspring
g. Humans select organisms with desirable traits to
interbreed and pass those traits to the next generation
h. Organisms which have certain traits that help them
survive are more likely to pass those traits onto their
offspring
j. It is when nature selects traits that will most help an
organism survive and reproduce in its environment
• All of the these factors are challenges to the
survival of organisms except
A.
B.
C.
D.
Overpopulation of species
Competition for resources
Changes in environment
An adequate food supply
• All of the these factors are challenges to the
survival of organisms except
A.
B.
C.
D.
Overpopulation of species
Competition for resources
Changes in environment
An adequate food supply
• The arctic hare has white fur in the winter.
This helps it survive because the
A.
B.
C.
D.
White fur is warmer than dark fur
Hare is mimicking the polar bear
White fur provides camouflage in the snow
Diet of the hare changes in the winter
• The arctic hare has white fur in the winter.
This helps it survive because the
A.
B.
C.
D.
White fur is warmer than dark fur
Hare is mimicking the polar bear
White fur provides camouflage in the snow
Diet of the hare changes in the winter
Classification
• Carlos Linnaeus came up with the original
system for classification (Plants and Animals)
– Now we have 5 kingdoms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Eukaryotes (nucleus)
Protista
Monera – Prokaryotes (bacteria) no nucleus
• Taxomony science of identifying and classifying
organisms according to specific criteria using these
categories:
Kingdom (largest/Diverse)
King
Phylum (Division)
Pete
Class
Called
Order
Out
Family
Funky
Genus
Golf
Species (specific)
Scores
Scientific names binomial, use genus and
species.
Modern humans are Homo sapiens.
Classification based on evolutionary relationships.
- get more specific as you go down in
classification.
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• Which group contains the largest number of
different species
A.
B.
C.
D.
Phylum
Order
Class
Genus
• Which group contains the largest number of
different species
A.
B.
C.
D.
Phylum
Order
Class
Genus
• The grasshopper would be most closely
related to another organism that is in the
same
A.
B.
C.
D.
phylum, but a different class
Class but a different order
Order but a different family
Same family but a different genus
• The grasshopper would be most closely
related to another organism that is in the
same
A.
B.
C.
D.
phylum, but a different class
Class but a different order
Order but a different family
Same family but a different genus
• Which animal is Most closely related to
humans?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Wolf
Lion
Horse
Chimpanzee
• Which animal is Most closely related to
humans?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Wolf
Lion
Horse
Chimpanzee
• Which kingdom is correctly paired with its
characteristics?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Animalia- cell walls and chloroplasts
Plantae- centrioles and no cell walls
Protista- cell walls but no chloroplasts
Monera- lack an organized nucleus
• Which kingdom is correctly paired with its
characteristics?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Animalia- cell walls and chloroplasts
Plantae- centrioles and no cell walls
Protista- cell walls but no chloroplasts
Monera- lack an organized nucleus