Transcript Chapter 1 - River Ridge

Biology and You-Chapter 1
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I. Themes of Biology
A. Living Organisms have certain
characteristics in common.
1. Biology is the study of life.
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B. Seven Themes Unify the science of
Biology
1. Cellular structure and function= cells.
a. All living things are composed
of one or more cells.
b. Cells are highly organized, tiny
structures with thin membranes.
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2. All living things reproduce.
a. Reproduction is the process by
which organisms make more of their
own kind from one generation to the
next.
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3. Metabolism
a. Living organisms perform many
different chemical reactions in order to
obtain and use energy to run the processes
of life.
b. Metabolism is the sum of all the
chemical reactions carries out in an
organism.
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4. Homeostasis
a. All living organism must maintain a
stable internal environment in order to
function properly.
b. The maintenance of stable internal
conditions in spite of changes in the external
environment is called homeostasis.
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5. Heredity
a. All living things are able to pass on
their characteristics to their offspring
through genes that are passed from
parent to offspring each generation.
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b. The passing of traits from parent to
offspring is called heredity.
c. A change in the DNA of a gene is
called a mutation.
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6. Evolution
a. Change in the inherited traits of species over
time is called evolution.
b. A species is a group of genetically similar
organisms that can produce fertile offspring.
c. Organisms with favorable genes are more
likely to survive and reproduce natural selection.
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7. Interdependence
a. A biological community is a group of
interacting organisms.
b. Ecology is the science that studies the
interactions of living organisms with one
another and with the nonliving part of their
environment.
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II. Biology in our world
A. Living in harmony with our
environment
1. In 1999, the world’s human
population was passed 6 billion people!
2. Humans are seriously harming
other creatures that share our planet.
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B. Feeding a growing population
1. As the population continues to grow,
the demand for food is going to strain our
ability to feed all the people.
2. Genetic engineers are transplanting
beneficial plants genes into other plants to
create crops that are more resistant to
insects and microorganisms.
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C. Biology Can Help fight Disease
1. AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome.
2. Cancer
3. Cystic Fibrosis
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III. Scientific Process
A. Shared observations help to solve
scientific puzzles
1. Observation is the act of noting
or perceiving objects or events using
the senses.
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B. Collecting observations
C. Asking questions
1. Observations of the natural
world often raise questions.
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D. Forming hypotheses and making
predictions
1. A hypothesis is an explanation that might
be true- a statement that can be tested by
additional observations or experimentation.
2. A prediction is the expected outcome of a
test, assuming the hypothesis is correct.
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E. Confirming predictions
1. An experiment (a planned procedure to
test a hypothesis) must be performed.
2. A control group is a group in an
experiment that receives no experimental
treatment.
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3. The factor that is varied in an
experiment is called the independent
variable.
4. The variable that is measured in an
experiment is called the dependent
variable.
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F. Drawing a conclusion
1. Once data are collected and analyzed, a
conclusion is made as to whether the data
support the hypothesis.
2. Further analysis is conducted to
determine any problems in the experiment.
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G. Publishing results in scientific
journals
1. Once a scientist completes an
experiment he/she will write up a
report and print it in a science journal.
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H. Theories are Ideas Supported by a
Great deal of Evidence
1. A theory is a set of related
hypotheses that have been tested and
confirmed many times by many
scientists.
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2. To scientists a theory represents
that of which they are most certain.
3. To the public, theory may imply a
lack of knowledge, a guess.
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The End
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