Transcript Evolution

Evolution
Objective: You will be able to differentiate
between the Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theories of
evolution.
Write a paragraph that explains ONE of the
following:
• Cheetahs are the fastest land animal. Explain
how cheetahs evolved their incredibly fast
speed.
• Cave salamanders live in caves and have eyes
that do not actually see. Explain how cave
salamanders evolved.
Objective: You will be able to identify the
mistakes made on the midterm test.
Do Now: Begin looking through the midterm
test booklet and identifying your mistakes.
Objective: You will be able to differentiate
between Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theory of
evolution.
Do Now:
• Open your notebook to yesterday’s notes.
• Come up with two differences between
Lamarck's theory and Darwin’s theory of
evolution.
Darwin’s Theory
• Overproduction of offspring – More offspring are made
then the environment can support
» Also produces variation
• Competition – Individuals compete to survive
• Natural Selection – Those individuals with the better
traits for the environment survive
• Reproduction – Survivors reproduce and send their traits
onto the next generation
Reproduction
• This means the individuals with the better traits
will most likely pass on their traits
• The individuals without the better traits will most
likely NOT pass on their traits
• This is called “Differential Reproductive Success”
Figure 22.10 Camouflage as an example of evolutionary adaptation
Cave Salamanders and Cheetahs
• Turn to a neighbor and discuss how Lamarck would
explain how cave salamanders evolved.
• Then write 2-3 sentences about what you discussed
• Turn to a neighbor and discuss how Darwin would
explain how cave salamanders evolved.
• Then write 2-3 sentences about what you discussed
How do you think Lamarck would explain how cheetahs
evolved? What about Darwin
Objective: You will be able to differentiate
between the types of evidence that support evolution.
• Take out the sheet with the 2 Regent’s questions from
yesterday.
• Complete question 2. keep in mind:
• Overproduction of offspring
• Variation
• Competition
• Natural Selection (Survival of the fittest)
• Reproduction
Objective: You will be able to differentiate
between the types of evidence that support evolution.
• Read the section called “Homologous Body
Structures” on p. 384
• Define Homologous structures
Figure 22.14 Homologous structures: anatomical signs of descent with modification
Table 22.1 Molecular Data and the Evolutionary Relationships of Vertebrates
• Adaption – any trait that allows the organism to
survive:
• Can be:
• Structural
• Functional
• Behavioral
Objective: You will be able to differentiate between Darwin’s
theory and the Modern theory.
Do Now:
• Read the section called “Sources of genetic
Variation” on p. 394-395
• Describe two ways that variation is created in
offspring.
Review of Darwin’s Theory
• Overproduction of offspring
• Variations in offspring
• Competition
• Survival of the fittest (Natural Selection)
• Reproduction
Problems with Darwin’s theory?
• Where did the variation come from?
• What is the genetic basis for the variation
found in populations?
• How was this variation passed to the next
generation?
Modern Theory of Evolution
• This theory includes ALL of the steps of Darwin’s
theory
• It also includes the genetic basis for how the
variation appears and how it is passed to the next
generation.
• What are the ways to create variation? (Do Now)
Giraffes
• Lamarck
• Darwin
• Modern
You Try
• Peppered moths
Objective: You will be able to provide
examples of natural selection.
• Read the section called “Descent with
Modification” on p. 381-384
• Define common descent
Figure 22.12 Evolution of insecticide resistance in insect populations
Bacterial Resistance
Activity
• Identify a past or current culture/religion
• Ex. Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Hindu
• Search on the internet for how they believe(d) that
life began
• Write a paragraph summary
Objective: You will be able to outline how
you believe life began on Earth.
Do Now
• Take out the print out from yesterdays visit to
the computer lab (If you did not report to the
class yet)
• Read the section called “The First Organic
Molecules” on p. 424
• What type of molecules were formed in the
experiment done by Miller?
How Did Life Begin?
Species Comparisons
• Since all species arose from the “universal
ancestor”, then all species have similarities
• Can you think of some similarities?
• The more in common two species have, the more
recent their common ancestor
• That is why we compare embryos, proteins, DNA,
etc…to see have closely related species are to
each other.
Objective: You will be able to categorize
new species into taxonomic levels.
Do Now
• Read “Linnaeus’s System of Classification” on
p. 449
• Which level of taxonomy is the most specific?
KEEP YOU BOOK OUT WHEN DONE
Taxonomy
• Is the classification of species based on how
closely related they are
• Does anyone remember the level order?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Figure 25.8 Hierarchical classification
Species
Panthera
Genus
Felidae
Family
Carnivora
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom
Domain
Panthera
pardus
Mammalia
Chordata
Animalia
Eukarya
5 Kingdom
Binomial Nomenclature
• Scientific name of a species
• Why not just use its common name?
Binomial Nomenclature
• Lumbricus terrestris
• Panthera leo
• Canis lupis
• Canis domesticus
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Objective: You will be able to categorize
new species into taxonomic levels.
Do Now
• Take out the taxonomy sheet from yesterday
• ON YOUR OWN…finish completing the
breakdown into Phylum, Genus and Species
• Develop scientific names for each species
How long does evolution take?
• Gradualism – Small changes over a long period of
time.
• Punctuated Equilibrium – Small changes over a
long period of time, interrupted by large changes
in short time periods
Rate of Evolution
• If the environment is changing a lot, then
evolution happens faster
• Evolution occurs more quickly in species that
reproduce sexually as opposed to asexually
• Evolution will occur faster in a species if they
produce a lot of offspring
Review