Transcript 7th Grade Review - pams

7th Grade Review
Do you recognize
this song or artist?
Well……School’s Almost
Out…
Scientists to Know….
• Zacharias Janssen (1590) –put two magnifying
glasses in a tube.
• Anton van Leewenhoek (1600’s) created simple
microscope using glass bead for lens.
• Robert Hooke (1665) – looked at cork through
microscope and called the “empty boxes” cells.
• Matthias Schleiden (1839) – said all plants are
made of plant cells.
• Theodor Schwann (1839) – said all animals are
made of animal cells.
• Rudolph Virchow (1856) – said that older cells
form new cells
Microscopes
Cells
• Cells perform numerous
functions: respiration, waste
removal, growth, irritability,
and reproduction.
• Cell theory:
a. All organisms are made
of cells
b. Cells are the basic unit
of life.
c. Cells come from other
cells
Onion cells
Cells to Systems……
• Organelles form cells, cells
form tissues, tissues form
organs, and organs form
systems.
• Ex: nervous system;
respiratory system; etc……
Cell Review
Differences
• Plants cells have chloroplasts that hold
chlorophyll giving them their green color;
cell walls, and larger vacuoles to store
food.
• Animal cells have centrioles.
Cell Parts and Their
Functions…
• Cell membrane – decides what comes in or
out.
• Nucleus – directs all activities.
• Cytoplasm – gel- like material inside the
cell.
• Endoplasmic reticulum - moves things
within the cell (highway system).
• Golgi bodies – packages materials to be
moved.
• Mitochondria –produces energy.
Brain Break
Continued….
•
•
•
•
•
Lysosomes –destroy waste
Ribosomes – make protein
Chloroplasts - turn light into food
Cell wall –protects the cell.
Vacuoles- storage units for food, water,
and waste.
Mind Map (can you explain the meaning
behind each picture)?
cell
membrane
cell
wall
golgi
bodies
lysosomes
vacuoles
cytoplasm
ER
ribosomes
mitochondria
nucleus
Cell Tour
Cell Processes
• Diffusion – moves molecules from where there
are many to where there are few (from high to
low concentration).
• Osmosis – the diffusion of water through a cell
membrane.
• Cells strive to maintain equilibrium.
Mitosis and Meiosis
• Mitosis- the nucleus of a
cell divides and creates
two identical nuclei in a
series of phases:
prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase.
• Meiosis - is the division
of cells into four parts
producing sex cells.
Terminology to Know…
• Unicellular - made up of
only one cell.
• Multi-cellular -made up of
many cells.
• Complex organisms need
more cells.
Paramecium
Animal/Plant Grouping
• Biggest to smallest – Kingdom,
Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, and Species.
• Species – share common
characteristics and have fertile
offspring.
• Ex: lion and tiger have ligers
that are infertile (not a species)
but a dog and wolf have pups
that are fertile (are a species)
Brain Break
Populations
• Populations compete for
basic resources, mates and
territories.
• Must cooperate with each
other to meet needs.
• Have social order to ensure
that labor and resources are
shared.
• Every organism fills a
specific niche (job or role) in
its community.
Populations and Niches
Symbiotic Relationships
– Mutualism - both organisms benefit.
Ex:
clown fish and sea anemone.
– Commensalism - one benefits and the other
is unaffected. Ex: flies on a horse
– Parasitism - one benefits and one is harmed.
Ex: dog and flea
Clown Fish and Anemone
Living Space
• Ecosystems include forests, tidal pool, ponds, etc…
• Ecosystems are living communities within a biome.
• Biome is defined by climate range and how well the
organisms have adapted in that area.
• Biomes are made up of ecosystems.
Biomes and Succession
Biomes and Succession
Brain Break
Organisms…
• Organisms exist as a member of
their population.
* Organisms adapt to abiotic (nonliving) and biotic (living) factors
in their home.
Rescuing Animals from Poachers
Vocab to know…
• Phototropism – when plants grow
toward their food source. (move
toward the sun)
• Hibernation – animal response to
cold conditions with a period of
lowered metabolism.
• Dormancy –response to adverse
conditions with a period of low or
suspended metabolism.
(trees/plants do this)
Genetics
• DNA is a double helix molecule.
• It includes four components that
form a chemical code.
• Chromosomes are strands of DNA.
• Genes are sections of chromosomes
that carry the code for a specific
trait.
• The basic laws of Mendelian
genetics explains the transmission
of some traits that can be inherited
from generation to generation.
DNA and Criminal Investigation
More on Genetics…
• Genetic engineering is when the
genetic code is manipulated by
man to get a desired product .
• There are practical applications
in medicine, agriculture, and
biology.
• Evolutionary processes include
mutations, adaptations, natural
selection, and extinction.
Ex. Using
Miracle
Grow…
Evolutionary Processes
• Adaptation – a change that increases chance of
survival.
• Mutation – a change that does not help the organism
to survive. (sometimes harmful)
• The evidence for evolution is from the fossil record,
radioactive dating, genetic information, distribution
of animals, and similarities within species.
• Heterozygous gene (hybrid) – the genes in the
genotype are different. Ex. (Bb)
* Homozygous gene (purebred) – the genes in the
genotype are the same. Ex. (bb, BB)
Genetics
Finishing it all up…
• Extinction is when a species dies
out.
• Natural Selection – “only the
strong survive”…is when nature
decides who lives and who dies.
• Biodiversity – means many
different forms of living
creatures in one area.
• Ex. The ocean and the rain forest
are extremely biodiverse.
Just for fun!
You are so close to the end…
SOL’s almost here!