Transcript document

processes and
mechanisms
Sexual
Selection
evolutionary
events
objects
acts through
Individuals
causing
acts through
Natural
Selection
evidences
Differential
Reproduction
experiments
and field
studies
builds
can lead to
Development
provides
recipes for
Genes (genomes)
dna/protein
sequences
neutral
changes
Changes in
Gene
Frequency
affects
leading to
can lead to
Generation
of Genetic
Diversity
anatomy and
fossils
Populations
can separate
Speciation
biogeography
Geographical
Isolation
Genetic
Drift
affects
producing
Evolutionary
Change
cellular and
developmental
processes
Re-Versed Lyrics
Copyright © 1997 Nancy L. Mari
"Evolution"
(sung to the tune of "Revolution“ by The Beatles)
You say believe in evolution - well, you know…
It's a thought-provoking view
I think it's a convolution, well, you know…
Of what God had planned to do
But when you say that there's no master plan
I think you probably just don't understand
Underneath there's gotta be design
Underneath there's gotta be design
Underneath there's gotta be design
You think it's the explanation - well, you know…
The reason we exist today
It causes me some consternation, well, you know…
That chance can be the only way
But then you start talkin' about the natural laws
How can chance possibly be their cause?
Underneath there's gotta be design
Underneath there's gotta be design
Underneath there's gotta be design…
An Information Flow in Biology Primer
replication (mutation!)
genes
Nucleic acids ~
“software”
DNA
(nucleotides)
transcription
messages
RNA
(nucleotides)
translation
Protein
(amino acids)
~ “hardware”
An Evolution by Natural Selection Primer
• Mutations (hence new varieties) do not arise because they are
needed -- they arise by chance
• Mutations merely furnish random raw material for evolution,
and rarely, if ever determine the course of the process
• Natural selection is the differential reproduction of genotypes
(genes)
• Evolution is the change in the genetic composition of a
population over time – “Natural Selection is not Evolution” –
Ronald Fisher, The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
time
species
gene frequency
Chapter VI
Chapter VI
Chapter VI
…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable
contrivances for adjusting the focus to different
distances, for admitting different amounts of light,
and for the correction of spherical and chromatic
aberration, could have been formed by natural
selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the
highest possible degree.
…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable
contrivances for adjusting the focus to different
distances, for admitting different amounts of light,
and for the correction of spherical and chromatic
aberration, could have been formed by natural
selection, seems, I freely confess, abserd in the
highest possible degree.
…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable
contrivances for adjusting the focus to different
distances, for admitting different amounts of light,
and for the correction of spherical and chromatic
aberration, could have been formed by natural
selection, seems, I freely confess, abserd in the
highest possible degree.
Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations
from a perfect and complex eye to one very
imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its
possessor, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye
does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be
inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any
variation or modification in the organ be ever useful
to an animal under changing conditions of life, then
the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex
eye could be formed by natural selection, though
insuperable by our imagination, can hardly be
considered real. …
Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations
from a perfect and complex eye to one very
imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its
possessor, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye
does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be
inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any
variation or modification in the organ be ever useful
to an animal under changing conditions of life, then
the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex
eye could be formed by natural selection, though
insuperible by our imagination, can hardly be
considered real. …
Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations
from a perfect and complex eye to one very
imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its
possesser, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye
does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be
inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any
variation or modification in the organ be ever useful
to an animal under changing conditions of life, then
the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex
eye could be formed by natural selection, though
insuperible by our imagination, can hardly be
considered real. …
Chapter VI
Chapter VI
Chapter VI
…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable
contrivances for adjusting the focus to different
distances, for admitting different amounts of light,
and for the correction of spherical and chromatic
aberration, could have been formed by natural
selection, seems, I freely confess, abserd in the
highest possible degree.
…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable
contrivances for adjusting the focus to different
distances, for admitting different amounts of light,
and for the correction of spherical and chromatic
aberration, could have been formed by natural
selection, seems, I freely confess, abserd in the
highest possible degree.
Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations
from a perfect and complex eye to one very
imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its
possessor, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye
does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be
inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any
variation or modification in the organ be ever useful
to an animal under changing conditions of life, then
the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex
eye could be formed by natural selection, though
insuperable by our imagination, can hardly be
considered real. …
Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations
from a perfect and complex eye to one very
imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its
possessor, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye
does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be
inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any
variation or modification in the organ be ever useful
to an animal under changing conditions of life, then
the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex
eye could be formed by natural selection, though
insuperible by our imagination, can hardly be
considered real. …
Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations
from a perfect and complex eye to one very
imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its
possesser, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye
does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be
inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any
variation or modification in the organ be ever useful
to an animal under changing conditions of life, then
the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex
eye could be formed by natural selection, though
insuperible by our imagination, can hardly be
considered real. …
…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable
contrivances for adjusting the focus to different
distances, for admitting different amounts of light,
and for the correction of spherical and chromatic
aberration, could have been formed by natural
selection, seems, I freely confess, abserd in the
highest possible degree.
Chapter VI
Chapter VI
Chapter VI
Chapter VI
Chapter VI
Chapter VI
Creationism
•
•
•
•
•
Young Earth Creationism
Old Earth Creationism
Progressive Creationism
Evolutionary Creationism
Intelligent Design Creationism
Design in Nature
Intelligent Design (engineer)
• a preconceived plan
• new blueprints, new
tools for new
innovations
• perfection is achieved,
at least perfection
made possible with
current technology
Natural Selection (tinkerer)
• direction not planned
• new innovations
utilize existing
material and tools (a
variety of solutions to
a problem is
expected)
• imperfection expected
Chapter VI
…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -- To suppose that the
eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to
different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the
correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been
formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the
highest possible degree.
Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations from a perfect and
complex eye to one very imperfect and simple, each grade being useful
to its possessor, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye does vary ever
so slightly, and the variations be inherited, which is certainly the case;
and if any variation or modification in the organ be ever useful to an
animal under changing conditions of life, then the difficulty of believing
that a perfect and complex eye could be formed by natural selection,
though insuperable by our imagination, can hardly be considered real.…
Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species