Transcript The Cell - Marblehead High School

The Building Blocks of Life
What are they?
7-1
How do we know they exist?
THE MICROSCOPE!!!
1) Compound light microscope – light
beams used to visualize an tiny
structures – not viruses or proteins
2) TEMs – transmission electron
microscopes – can see cell organelles
but needs slices to examine
3) SEMs – scanning electron microscopes –
gives you a 3D image
Fluorescent labeling, high resolution video
and scanning probe microscopes are
recent additions to our technology
Who helped us understand cells?
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1665 - Robert Hooke used his
micorscope to observe cork and first
used the term, “cells”
1674 - Anton van Leeuwenhoek
observe living animal cells in pond
water
1838 - Matthias Schleiden
concluded that all plants are made
of cells
Who helped us understand cells?
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1839 - Theodor Schwann concluded that all animals are also
made of cells
1855 - Rudolph Virchow - proposes
that all cells come from other cells
The cell theory is completed now…
What do we know about cells?
o
The cell theory:
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All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function in living things
New cells come from other cell
They all have two common
characteristics:
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A cell membrane
Contain DNA
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Cell membrane & Nucleus
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That is it!!!! All cells vary in their…
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Shape
Size
Function
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Prokaryotes (bacteria)
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Small
Simple
No nucleus
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Eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi…)
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Larger
Complex
Contain double membrane-bound organelles
Contain a nucleus
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Class work
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7-1 worksheet -complete in using
your notes and only then, answer
use your book to fill in the rest
The Components of a
Eukaryotic Cell
Parts & Organelles
7-2
The two major parts work together:
Nucleus
- Control center
- Holds DNA
- Directs
production of
proteins & other
molecules
2. Cytoplasm
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The parts of the Nucleus
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4.
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Nuclear Envelope – two
layer protective covering
Nuclear Pores – pathway
for materials in and out
Chromatin – DNA strands
wrapped up in proteins
Chromosomes –
organized condensed
chromatin during division
Nucleolus – small center
where ribosome
assembly starts
IN THE CYTOPLASM THERE ARE….
RIBOSOMES
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Small organelles; made of protein
and RNA; follow instructions from
the nucleus on how to make
proteins
Located floating in the cytoplasm or
attached to the endoplasmic
reticulum (AKA the “ER”)
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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Smooth ER - Produce lipids for the cell
membrane; detoxifies drugs
Rough ER - Produce proteins and others
materials that leave the cell; covered with
ribosomes
GOLGI APPARATUS
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A layered stack of membranes
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and others
materials that were made in the ER
Transports its products to storage in the cell or
releases them from the cell
MITOCHONDRIA
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Produce energy
(ATP) for the cell
Undergo cellular
respiration
LYSOSOME
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Tiny digestive organelles
Full of enzymes that breakdown the
carbon macromolecules
Takes apart old cell parts
VACUOLES
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Uses:
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Provides structure by becoming filled
with water and taking up most of plant
cells
Provides storage for materials
Provides movement by contracting to
pump water out of a cell
CHLOROPLASTS
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ONLY in plant & algae cells
Contains stacks of pigments that change
solar energy into energy for the cell
Where is DNA usually found in a cell?
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It is also held in
mitochondria
and chloroplasts
They each contain
their own
information
CHALLENGE
QUESTION!!!!!
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Why do you think
this is the case?
How is the cell supported?
Hint: How is your body supported?
The Cytoskeleton – a network of protein
filaments (like your bones) that allow the cell
to hold its shape and to move
 Made of microfilaments and microtubules
 Microtubules called centrioles also help to
separate chromosomes during cell division
 Microtubules also form structures called
cilia and flagella that extend from the cell and
move it around
Homework:
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Start cellular wars!!!
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In your group:
Decide on what cell “unit” you will make
 Decide what organelles you are
responsible for
 Design your index cards for homework
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