Transcript 15. The first life-forms to appear on Earth were most likely

Evolution Review
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They are the youngest of all the layers.
Organisms have evolved over time.
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They are in the lowest layer of sedimentary rock.
7. The term "evolution" is best described as
(1) a process of change in a population
through time
(2) a process by which organisms
become extinct
(3) the reproductive isolation of members of
certain species
(4) the replacement of one community by
another
8. Which pair of structures are homologous?
(1) wing of an insect and wing of a
bird
(2) tentacle of a hydra and flipper of a
whale
(3) front leg of an insect and bones in
the leg of a human
(4) bones in the front leg of a dog
and bones in the wing of a bat
9. Describe the conclusion that can be made
about the fossils in layer A and layer B.
Layer B contains younger fossils. Layer A
contain older fossils.
Layer B contains fossils from more complex
organisms. Layer A contain fossils from less
complex organisms.
10. The diagram above shows a series of bone structures
in four different species of vertebrates. Explain how
these structures support the theory of organic
evolution.
The similarity in structure suggests that maybe
these organisms evolved from a common
ancestor.
11. Which species is most closely related? How
do you know?
Human and Chimpanzee
The sequence of amino acids is identical.
12. For these mammals, the number, position,
and shape of the bones most
likely indicates that they may have
(1) developed in a common environment
(2) developed from the same earlier species
(3) identical genetic makeup
(4) identical methods of obtaining food
13. According to one theory, similarities in these
embryos suggest common ancestry. As these embryos
mature, they will most likely
(1.) develop new organs according to the nutritional
requirements of each organism
(2.) show no similarity as adults
(3.) continue to closely resemble each other as adults
(4.) develop the distinctive characteristics of their species
14. In undisturbed layers of rock, fossils of
horseshoe crabs may be found in the upper layer, and
a lower layer contains fossils of trilobites. Trilobites
are extinct aquatic arthropods resembling
modem horseshoe crabs. This information suggests
that
(1)horseshoe crabs will soon become extinct
(2)horseshoe crabs and trilobites are completely
unrelated organisms
(3) horseshoe crabs may have evolved from trilobites
(4) trilobites may have evolved from horseshoe crabs
15. The first life-forms to appear on
Earth were most likely
(1) complex single-celled
organisms
(2) complex multicellular
organisms
(3) simple single-celled
organisms
(4) simple multicellular organisms
16. Describe Darwin’s Theory of Natural
Selection.
Organisms with favorable adaptations will
survive, reproduce and pass on the trait to
offspring.
Organisms with unfavorable adaptations will not
survive. Therefore that trait will not be passed on
to offspring.
17. Identify The parts to Darwin’s Theory of Natural
Selection.
a. Differences among the organisms within a species
exists. variation
b. A species produces more offspring than can actually
survive. overproduction
c. Organisms will struggle with each other for limited
resources. competition
d. Overtime, a species can evolve into different species.
speciation
e. Organisms that are most fit will survive, reproduce and
pass on the trait to offspring.
Natural selection
18. Which concept would be correctly placed in
box X?
(1) use and disuse
(2) variation
(3) transmission of acquired traits
(4) changes in nucleic acids
19. What part of Darwin’s Theory of Natural
Selection is this diagram representing?
variation
20. Which has the favorable adaptation? How do
Medium size mice because they
you know?
are able to survive better.
21. The diversity within the wild bird species in the
diagram below can best be explained by which
process?
(1) natural selection
(3) ecological succession
(2) asexual reproduction (4) mitotic cell division
22. Why is there a branching
pattern in the circled region
labeled X?
1. Changes in the environment
caused some species to
become extinct.
2. Different species evolved
because of inbreeding
3. There were no new species
evolving at this time.
4. Changes in the environment
caused some different
species to develop.
23. “Evolution is the result of long periods of
stability interrupted by geologically brief
periods of significant change.”
This concept is called:
1.gradulism
2.natural selection
3.geographic isolation
4.punctuated equilibrium
24. Which of the following is most likely to cause
an organism to become extinct?
1.A mutation develops.
2.The major change in the environment occurs
and organisms cannot adapt.
3.DNA is not readily passed on to offspring .
4.Malnutrition occurs over an organism’s
lifetime.
25. The diagram below shows the effect of spraying a
pesticide on a population of insects over three
generations.
Which concept is represented in the diagram?
1. survival of the fittest
2. dynamic equilibrium
3. succession
4. extinction
26. Studies of the finches of the
Galapagos Islands have shown that
1. DNA will change to produce
structures needed by birds to
survive intense competition
2. a bird’s beak changes annually in
response to the type of food that
is most abundant each year
3. natural selection occurs when
there are scarce resources and
intense competition
4. the beak of a finch will change if
the environment of the bird
remains stable
27. Fossil records indicate that between 80 and 60
million years ago the structure of the horned
dinosaur underwent rapid changes separated by
long periods of stability. This pattern of change
best illustrates the concept of
(1) use and disuse
(2) punctuated equilibrium
(3) gradualism
(4) enzyme specificity
28. Which statement about the species is correct?
(1) Species A, B, C, and D came from different
ancestors.
(2) Species C evolved from species B.
(3) Species A, B, and C can interbreed successfully.
(4) Species A became extinct.
29. Which species was the first to become
extinct? D
30. Which species appears to have been
most successful in surviving changes in
the environment over time? B
31. Which letter represents a
common ancestor for species
C and E?
K
32. Which species are least
likely to be vital parts of a
present-day ecosystem?
E and J
33. Which species in the diagram have become
extinct?
C, D, H, O and P
34. Which species is considered to be the common
ancestor of the rest of the species?
A
35. Which statement could best be inferred from the
information in this diagram?
(1) Evolution does not involve gradual change.
(2) Evolutionary changes can result in extinction.
(3) Evolution begins with plants.
(4) Evolution produces organisms that all fill
the same niche.
36. The effects of natural selection are generally seen most
quickly in which organisms?
(1) bacteria (2) humans (3) corn plants (4) cats
37. Which event is the best example of competition between
species in a pond environment?
(1) dragonflies landing on lily pads
(2) frogs and toads eating flies
(3) lizards and snakes lying in the sun
(4) hawks eating mice
38. Which population of organisms would be in
greatest danger of becoming
extinct?
(1)A population of organisms having few variations
living in a unchanging environment.
(2) A population of organisms having few variations
living in an changing environment.
(3)A population of organisms having many
variations living in a unchanging environment.
(4)A population of organisms having many
variations living in an changing environment.
39. The idea that evolution takes place at a
continuous but very slow rate is known as
(1) succession
(2) artificial selection
(3) punctuated equilibrium
(4) gradualism
40. The diagram below shows the head structure of four
different birds.
The birds’ beaks show how the birds
(1) compete for the same food in their community
(2) require different amounts of food for survival
(3) store food for the winter months
(4) are adapted to get food from different sources
41. The drawing below shows a woodpecker
using its long, sharp beak to obtain insects.
What factor might contribute to
the extinction of this species of
woodpecker?
(1) a new source of food
(2) an overabundance of trees
(3) the use of pesticides in the
forest
(4) an increase in the population
of insects
42. The eyes of the owl and the rabbit shown in the diagram below give
each animal a different advantage. The front-facing owl eyes allow the bird
to accurately judge distance when swooping in on prey. The side-facing
rabbit eyes allow the animal to detect the motion of possible predators.
The specialized eye types of these
animals are examples of
(1) disruptions of the natural balance
(2) the interdependence of living things
(3) adaptations for survival under
certain conditions
(4) involuntary responses to stimuli
Preserved in Amber
Sap is a substance secreted by some trees. Many years ago, plants and
small animals were caught in the sap on the trees. Sap hardens and turns
into a clear substance called amber. The plants or animals are preserved as
fossils in the amber. Part of a plant preserved in amber is shown below.
43. Explain why fossils
are important to
scientists.
They represent evidence to
support evolution. They
show that organisms have
evolved over time.
44. The diagram below shows two different-colored
moths resting on a tree trunk.
How does this
difference in pattern and
color affect the moths’
ability to survive in the
environment?
The darker moth can blend on to the tree and
hide from predators. This is a favorable
adaptation. The light colored ones will most
likely be eaten by predators and this trait will
disappear over time.
45. When penicillin was introduced, it was
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immediately effective in combating staphylococcus
bacterial infections. After a number of years, there
were outbreaks of staphylococcal infections that did
not respond to treatment with penicillin. The best
explanation for this situation is that
members of the original population of bacteria that
were penicillin resistant survived and reproduced,
creating a more resistant population
the bacteria that survived exposure to penicillin
learned to avoid it
the bacteria that caused the new outbreaks were from
populations that had never been exposed to penicillin
during each generation, the bacteria modified their
own DNA to increase their ability to resist penicillin
and passed this ability on to their descendants
46. A small village was heavily infested with
mosquitoes. The village was sprayed weekly with
an insecticide for several months. The population
decreased rapidly within the first two months.
However, the population started to increase after
the third month.
1. Why were some mosquitoes able to survive the first
spraying? Those mosquitoes had a mutation that
made them resistant.
2. Why did the effectiveness of the insecticide decrease
over time?
Mosquitoes that had a mutation reproduced by
mitosis and created more resistant mosquitoes.
47. The Florida panther, a member of the
cat family, has a population of fewer
than 100 individuals and has limited
genetic variation. What inference can be
made according to the information
given?
If the environment changes, they could become
extinct.
48. According to the theory of natural selection, why
are some individuals more likely than others to
survive and reproduce?
(1)Some individuals pass on to their offspring new
characteristics they have acquired during their
lifetimes.
(2)Some individuals are better adapted to exist in their
environment than others are.
(3)Some individuals do not pass on to their offspring
new characteristics they have acquired during their
lifetimes.
(4)Some individuals tend to produce fewer offspring
than others in the same environment.
49. Darwin's studies of finches on the Galapagos
Islands suggest that the finches' differences in beak
structure were most directly due to
(1.) acquired characteristics in the
parent finches
(2.) the size of the island where the
finches live
(3.) mating behaviors of the
different finch species
(4.) adaptations of the finches to
different environments
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