Transcript Evolution Review 7A Describe the conclusion that can be made

Evolution Review
7A
Describe the conclusion that can be made about
the fossils in layer A and layer B.
Layer B contains younger fossils. Layer A
contain older fossils.
Layer B contains fossils from more complex
organisms. Layer A contain fossils from less
complex organisms.
The diagram above shows a series of bone structures in
four different species of vertebrates. Explain how
these structures support the theory of organic
evolution.
The similarity in structure suggests that maybe
these organisms evolved from a common
ancestor.
Which species is most closely related? How do
you know?
Human and Chimpanzee
The sequence of amino acids is identical.
For these mammals, the number, position, and
shape of the bones most
likely indicates that they may have
(1) developed in a common environment
(2) developed from the same earlier species
(3) identical genetic makeup
(4) identical methods of obtaining food
According to one theory, similarities in these embryos
suggest common ancestry. As these embryos mature,
they will most likely
(1.) develop new organs according to the nutritional
requirements of each organism
(2.) show no similarity as adults
(3.) continue to closely resemble each other as adults
(4.) develop the distinctive characteristics of their species
A study of the position and shape of the
bones in the forelimbs of a flying
squirrel, a bat, and a beaver showed
that the beaver and the flying squirrel
appear to be most closely related. This
was most likely based on a study in the
field of comparative ______.
anatomy
In undisturbed layers of rock, fossils of horseshoe crabs
may be found in the upper layer, and a lower layer
contains fossils of trilobites. Trilobites are extinct
aquatic arthropods resembling modem horseshoe
crabs. This information suggests that
(1) horseshoe crabs will soon become extinct
(2) horseshoe crabs and trilobites are completely
unrelated organisms
(3) horseshoe crabs may have evolved from trilobites
(4) trilobites may have evolved from horseshoe crabs
The first life-forms to appear on Earth
were most likely
(1) complex single-celled
organisms
(2) complex multicellular
organisms
(3) simple single-celled
organisms
(4) simple multicellular organisms
Describe Darwin’s Theory of Natural
Selection.
Organisms with favorable adaptations will
survive, reproduce and pass on the trait to
offspring.
Organisms with unfavorable adaptations will not
survive. Therefore that trait will not be passed on
to offspring.
Identify The parts to Darwin’s Theory of Natural
Selection.
1. Differences among the organisms within a species
exists. variation
2. A species produces more offspring than can actually
survive. overproduction
3. Organisms will struggle with each other for limited
resources. competition
4. Overtime, a species can evolve into different species.
speciation
5. Organisms that are most fit will survive, reproduce
and pass on the trait to offspring. speciation
Which concept would be correctly placed in box X?
(1) use and disuse
(2) variation
(3) transmission of acquired traits
(4) changes in nucleic acids
1. What part of Darwin’s Theory of Natural
Selection is this diagram representing?
variation
2. Which has the favorable adaptation? How do
you know? Medium size mice because they
are able to survive better.
According to Charles Darwin, one factor
that affects the evolution of a species
is
(1.) variation due to genetic mutations
(2.) rapid fossil formation
(3.) survival of the fittest
(4.) exposure to environmental pollutants
The diversity within the wild bird species in the
diagram below can best be explained by which
process?
(1) natural selection
(3) ecological succession
(2) asexual reproduction (4) mitotic cell division
Why is there a branching
pattern in the circled region
labeled X?
1. Changes in the environment
caused some species to
become extinct.
2. Different species evolved
because of inbreeding
3. There were no new species
evolving at this time.
4. Changes in the environment
caused some different
species to develop.
“Evolution is the result of long periods of
stability interrupted by geologically brief
periods of significant change.”
This concept is called:
1. gradulism
2. natural selection
3. geographic isolation
4. punctuated equilibrium
Which of the following is most likely to cause an
organism to become extinct?
1. A mutation develops.
2. The major change in the environment occur.s
and organisms cannot adapt.
3. DNA is not readily passed on to offspring .
4. Malnutrition occurs over an organism’s
lifetime.
The diagram below shows the effect of spraying a
pesticide on a population of insects over three
generations.
Which concept is represented in the diagram?
1. survival of the fittest
2. dynamic equilibrium
3. succession
4. extinction
Studies of the finches of the Galapagos
Islands have shown that
1. DNA will change to produce
structures needed by birds to
survive intense competition
2. a bird’s beak changes annually in
response to the type of food
that is most abundant each year
3. natural selection occurs when
there are scarce resources and
intense competition
4. the beak of a finch will change if
the environment of the bird
remains stable
4. Fossil records indicate that between 80 and 60
million years ago the structure of the horned
dinosaur underwent rapid changes separated by
long periods of stability. This pattern of change
best illustrates the concept of
(1) use and disuse
(2) punctuated equilibrium
(3) gradualism
(4) enzyme specificity
Which statement about the species is correct?
(1) Species A, B, C, and D came from different
ancestors.
(2) Species C evolved from species B.
(3) Species A, B, and C can interbreed successfully.
(4) Species A became extinct.
1. Which species was the first to become
extinct? D
2. Which species appears to have been
most successful in surviving changes in
the environment over time? B
1. Which letter represents a
common ancestor for species
C and E?
K
3. Which species are least
likely to be vital parts of a
present-day ecosystem?
E and J
1. Which species in the diagram have become extinct?
C, D, H, O and P
2. Which species is considered to be the common
ancestor of the rest of the species?
A
Which statement could best be inferred from the
information in this diagram?
(1) Evolution does not involve gradual change.
(2) Evolutionary changes can result in extinction.
(3) Evolution begins with plants.
(4) Evolution produces organisms that all fill
the same niche.
Which population of organisms would be in
greatest danger of becoming
extinct?
(1)A population of organisms having few variations
living in a unchanging environment.
(2) A population of organisms having few variations
living in an changing environment.
(3)A population of organisms having many
variations living in a unchanging environment.
(4)A population of organisms having many
variations living in an changing environment.
The idea that evolution takes place at a
continuous but very slow rate is known as
(1) succession
(2) artificial selection
(3) punctuated equilibrium
(4) gradualism
1.
2.
3.
4.
When penicillin was introduced, it was immediately
effective in combating staphylococcus bacterial
infections. After a number of years, there were
outbreaks of staphylococcal infections that did not
respond to treatment with penicillin. The best
explanation for this situation is that
members of the original population of bacteria that
were penicillin resistant survived and reproduced,
creating a more resistant population
the bacteria that survived exposure to penicillin
learned to avoid it
the bacteria that caused the new outbreaks were from
populations that had never been exposed to penicillin
during each generation, the bacteria modified their
own DNA to increase their ability to resist penicillin
and passed this ability on to their descendants
A small village was heavily infested with mosquitoes.
The village was sprayed weekly with an
insecticide for several months. The population
decreased rapidly within the first two months.
However, the population started to increase after
the third month.
1. Why were some mosquitoes able to survive the first
spraying? Those mosquitoes had a mutation that
made them resistant.
2. Why did the effectiveness of the insecticide decrease
over time?
Mosquitoes that had a mutation reproduced by
mitosis and created more resistant mosquitoes.
The Florida panther, a member of the cat
family, has a population of fewer than
100 individuals and has limited genetic
variation. What inference can be made
according to the information given?
If the environment changes, they could become
extinct.