Transcript Creationism v. Evolution

What is Evolution?
• Variation exists in all populations
• Variation is inherited
• Evolution is heritable changes in a population over
many generations.
• Descent with modification
• Evolution is change in allelic frequency
Mechanisms of Evolution
• Natural Selection (Darwinism)
individuals with favorable variations (traits) better survive
and reproduce.
• The genes (inherited variation) of the successful individuals
increase in frequency in subsequent generations.
•
Survival of the fittest
• Genetic Drift
Evolutionary Theory does not:
• Propose the origin of life.
“There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several
powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into
a few forms or into one; and that whilst this planet has
gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from
so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and
most wonderful have been, and are being evolved.”
• Charles Darwin, 1859, The Origin of Species
• Specify a rate of evolution
Points to Remember
• Populations Evolve
• Individuals do not
• Mutations are random, selection is not
• Populations adapt to new environments
• Individuals acclimate
Sahiwal
Tharparkar
Genotypic Frequencies of
Indian Dairy Cattle
AA = 0.031
AB = 0.276
BB = 0.693
AA = 0.023
AB = 0.733
BB = 0.244
What are the allelic frequencies of each breed?
Allelic Frequencies of Indian
Dairy Cattle
A = 0.17
B = 0.83
A = 0.39
B = 0.61
What are the expected genotypic frequencies of each breed?
Expected Genotypic Frequencies of
Indian Dairy Cattle
Expected
AA = 0.029
AB = 0.282
BB = 0.689
Observed
AA = 0.031
AB = 0.276
BB = 0.693
How do you interpret these results?
Expected
AA = 0.152
AB = 0.476
BB = 0.372
Observed
AA = 0.023
AB = 0.733
BB = 0.244
How would test for significance?
Observed Expected

 
2
2
Expected
Degrees
of
freedom
Probability, p
0.99
0.95
0.05
0.01
0.001
1
0.000
0.004
3.84
6.64
10.83
2
0.020
0.103
5.99
9.21
13.82