Transcript Jeopardy - School Without Walls Biology

Jeopardy
History of
Life
Origin of
Life
Natural
Selection
Taxonomy
Human
Origins
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$100 Question: History of Life
What was the Cambrian explosion?
$100 Answer: History of Life
An “explosion” of multicellular
life that led to the emergence of
many modern animal groups,
including chordates (animals
with spinal chords).
$200 Question: History of Life
What is a half-life? Is the term
necessarily accurate to how radioactive
isotopes decay?.
$200 Answer: History of Life
Half-life is the amount of time, on average, it
takes for half the nucleus of a radioactive
isotope to decay. The term represents the
average amount of time. The times can vary
due to chance.
$300 Question: History of Life
Why are relative and absolute
dating often used together to determine
the age of fossils?
$300 Answer: History of Life
Both relative and absolute dating have
some drawbacks. Relative dating can only
be used to tell the age relative to other
rock layers and fossils. Absolute dating
may over- or underestimate the date due
to chance.
$400 Question: History of Life
What kinds of organisms survive mass
extinction events? Explain in terms of their role
in the food chain/web.
Name and describe the causes of one
mass extinction.
$400 Answer: History of Life
Organisms that survive mass extinction
events tend to be generalists that have more
than one habitat and niche. Decomposers/
scavengers tend to survive more than
photoautotrophs, whose light may be
blocked.
Permian - asteriod, volcanoes, O2 levels.
Creteceaus-Palogene - asteriod/dust.
$500 Question: History of Life
Explain in terms of evolution by natural
selection, why some whales have hipbones but
sharks do not.
$500 Answer: History of Life
Whales are descended from land mammals, as
transitional fossils show. They have hipbones
because they once walked/swam using legs.
These hips have become vestigial as the whale
evolved, because back legs became
disadvantages. Sharks are fish, so they are
descended from marine creatures.
$100 Question: Origin of Life
What is a prokaryote? Name an example.
$100 Answer: Origin of Life
Unicellular organisms that lack membranes
around their DNA. Bacteria (any kind);
archaea.
$200 Question: Origin of Life
What gas served as a source of carbon in the
Miller-Urey experiment? What gas was NOT
present on early earth?
$200 Answer: Origin of Life
CH4- Methane
O2 - Oxygen
$300 Question: Origin of Life
How did Pasteur’s experiment disprove spontaneous
generation?
$300 Answer: Origin of Life
Pasteur proved that life could only
come from other life by showing
that sterilized broth would not go
“bad” unless exposed to microbes.
$400 Question: Origin of Life
What were the gasses used in the MillerUrey experiment? What was the product?
What does this product tell us about how life
evolved on earth?
$400 Answer: Origin of Life
A.CH4, NH3, H2, H2O
B.Amino acids.
C. This experiment tells us that the building
blocks of life (amino acids make proteins)
can form from basic chemicals in an anoxic
(no oxygen) environment.
$500 Question: Origin of Life
You are studying the possiblity of life on
other planets. Describe the kind of
environment you would look for on other
planets as being condusive to supporting
life.
$500 Answer: Origin of Life
Look for planets that have water or traces of water, a
reducing (anoxic) environment, carbon compounds, and
a nitrogen source. The planet should be solid (as
opposed to a gas giant), and should probably be near
enough to the sun to receive light as a source of energy.
These conditions do not guarentee life (for instance,
Mars doesn’t currently seem to support life), but it
would mimic Earth-like conditions.
$100 Question: Natural Selection
What theory is Darwin credited with formulating?
$100 Answer: Natural Selection
The theory of evolution by natural selection.
$200 Question: Natural Selection
List the conditions necessary for evolution by
natural selection to occur. Are all these
conditions needed? Why or why not?
$200 Answer: Natural Selection
Inheritable variation
Overproduction of offspring
Struggle for existence.
Differential survival and reproduction.
Yes, all the conditions are necessary for
Evolution by natural selection to occur.
Each is necessary; together they are sufficient.
$300 Question: Natural Selection
An insecticide is a chemical that kills insects. Most insects are killed
the first time they are exposed to an insecticide. However, some insects
carry a gene that enables them to survive their first exposure to an
insecticide. When these surviving insects reproduce, this gene may be
inherited by their offspring. The number of insecticide-resistant insects
usually increases over time because increasing numbers of offspring with
this gene are able to survive and reproduce.
Which process enables increasing numbers of insects to survive
their exposure to an insecticide?
A. Cloning.
B. Mutation.
C. Natural selection.
D. Genetic engineering.
$300 Answer: Natural Selection
C. Natural Selection.
$400 Question: Natural Selection
Why is “survival of the fittest” not an accurate
description of evolution?
$400 Answer: Natural Selection
Survival of the fittest doesn’t include
reproduction. Also, who is fittest is
context-specific - there’s no end goal in
evolution. Whichever adaptation brings
some advantage at a specific time in a
specific environment is more likely to
persist in the population.
$500 Question: Natural Selection
Scientists studied four snake populations living in an island
ecosystem. The table below summarizes some of the data gathered
about the snake populations. All four snake species use camouflage
to hide from predators. Six months after the snake study, a volcano
erupted on the island and covered the area with a layer of black ash.
The eruption caused many of the island rodent populations to
decline. Based on this information, which snake population would be
most likely to survive the effects of the volcanic eruption? WHY?
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
$500 Answer: Natural Selection
Species C - Species C can camoflague in the new
environment. As a generalist (eating more than one type of
food), it is more likely to survive than the snakes who
eat only the island’s rodents.
$100 Question: Taxonomy and
Classification
What is the correct formatting for a
Scientific name? What is the scientific name
For modern human beings? (In correct
formatting!!!)
$100 Answer: Taxonomy and
Classification
Genus species. Homo sapiens.
$200 Question: Taxonomy and
Classification
What is the purpose of using scientific names?
$200 Answer: Taxonomy and
Classification
Many organisms are called by different names in
different parts of the world. In addition, one name (for
example “blue bird”) may be used for unrelated
organisms.
$300 Question: Taxonomy
Based on the chart, which of these is the best conclusion about the fish?
A. Fish Species A and Fish Species B are longer than the other two fish species.
B. Fish Species C and Fish Species D are faster swimmers than the other two
fish species
C. Fish Species A and Fish Species B have more DNA sequences in common
with each other than with the other two fish species
D. Fish Species C and Fish Species D have more diet preferences in common
with each other than with the other two fish species.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
$300 Answer: Taxonomy
C. Fish Species A and Fish Species B have more DNA sequences
in common with each other than with the other two fish species.
$400 Question: Taxonomy
You are a curator at a musem. You are given
A box of snake specimens to classify. Although
Many of the snakes look alike, they come from
drastically different areas of the world.
Explain how you would go about classifying the
snakes and what criteria you would use.
$400 Answer: Taxonomy
You could use a dichotomous key to classify
Each based on their appearance and morphology.
However, you would also want to compare
them based on internal structure and DNA, since
organisms that live in similar environments
often have similar adaptations.
$500 Question: Taxonomy and
Classification
Explain the evolutionary relationship
between tail of a porpoise (a type of whale) and
the tail of a tiger shark (a type of fish).
$500 Answer: Taxonomy and
Classification
They are analogous adaptations - whales and
sharks DO NOT have a recent common
ancestor. Both are similar, but not the same
in structure (one horizontal, one vertical) and
function, but do not have an R.C.A.
$100 Question: Human Origins
What are three characteristics that make
primates mammals?
$100 Answer: Human Origins
-Regulation of internal body temperature
-Hair
-Bearing live young
-Feeding young with milk
$200 Question: Human Origins
What characteristics of primates do
humans exhibit? List at least 4.
What characteristics of primates don’t
humans exhibit? List at least 2.
$200 Answer: Human Origins
-Opposable thumbs.
-Forward facing eyes.
-Color vision.
-Complicated social organization.
-Flexible shoulder joints/not good climbers.
-Opposable large toes..
$300 Question: Human Origins
What are the two key adaptations that
led to modern humans? List and
describe each.
Describe one hypothesis about how
these adaptations emerged.
$300 Answer: Human Origins
- Bipedalism - the ability to walk
upright which allows for expanded
use of the hands for tool use, hunting,
etc.
-Large brains - enhanced language
centers in the brain; allowed for
increasingly complex social
structures
-Finding food, new worlds, attracting
mates, etc. .
$400 Question: Human Origins
Select and defend one hypothesis concerning
the origin of bipedalism. As part of your
support for this hypothesis, address what you
see as shortcomings in at least one other
hypothesis.
$400 Answer: Human Origins
Answers will vary depending on
hypotheses selected.
$500 Question: Human Origins
Based on your knowledge of human
evolution, will humans lose their little toes in
the future?
$500 Answer: Human Origins
No. Little toes may be vestigial, but were used
previous species of humans for balance in
walking upright. Just because a structure isn’t
actively used doesn’t mean it will be lost a structure will liekly be an impediment to surviva
and/or reproduction if its lost.