Transcript Science OGT Fun Club - Lockland High School

Science OGT Fun Club
2010
Physical Science
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Describe that matter is made of
minute particles called atoms and
atoms are comprised of even
smaller components.
Explain the structure and properties
of atoms.
Physical Sciences
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Atom are made of
neutrons and protons
and electrons.
Electrons negative
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Protons positive
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Move at speed of light
and they weigh all most
nothing.
Outside nucleus and
used in bonding
Don’t move they shake.
They weigh 1 amu
(atomic mass unit)
Found in the nucleus
Neutrons 0
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Same as protons.
Physical Sciences
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Explain how atoms react with each
other to form other substances and
how molecules react with each
other or other atoms to form even
different substances.
Physical Sciences
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Molecules
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Share electrons
Bigger atoms pull
electrons closer,
polarize (+, -)
Between Nonmetals
Ions
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Give and take electrons
Cations take electrons
(claw) electrons away
from other atoms,
making them -.
Anions give electrons
(add) electrons. Making
them +.
Metals and nonmetals
Physical Sciences
Physical Sciences
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Atomic Number
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Symbol
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Latin, Name, Place,
People.
Atomic Weight
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Top number 79
The number of protons
Big number at bottom.
Average of all the
isotopes.
Atomic Mass
Isotopes
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Same element, different
number of neutrons
Physical Sciences
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Describe the identifiable properties
of substances (color, hardness,
conductivity, density, concentration,
and ductility). Explain how changes
in these properties can occur with
out changing the chemical nature of
the substance.
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Physical Change
Chemical Change
Physical Sciences
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Explain how the movement of
objects by applying Newton’s three
laws of motion.
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161
/lect/history/newton3laws.html
Physical Sciences
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Demonstrate that energy can be
considered to be either kinetic
(motion) or potential (stored).
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Potential energy
Kinetic energy
http://www.visionlearning.com/library/
flash_viewer.php?oid=1429&mid=46
Physical Sciences
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Explain how energy may change
form or be redistributed but the
total quantity of energy is
conserved.
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The Law of Conservation of Energy
Physical Science
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Demonstrate that waves (sound, seismic, water, and
light) have energy and waves can transfer energy
when they interact with matter.
Physical Sciences
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Demonstrate that waves (sound, seismic, water,
and light) have energy and waves can transfer
energy when they interact with matter.
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sound
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Seismic
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http://www.forgefx.com/casestudies/prenticehall/p
h/seismic/seismic-waves-simulator.htm
Water
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http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim
=Sound
http://www.forgefx.com/casestudies/prenticehall/p
h/waves/waves.htm
Light
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http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim
=Wave_Interference
Physical Sciences
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Trace the historical development of
scientific theories and ideas, and
describe emerging issues in the
study of physical sciences.
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http://www.timelinehelp.com/scientific-discoveriestimeline.html
Physical Science: History
Earth and Space Sciences
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Explain how evidence from stars
and other celestial objects provide
information about the process that
causes changes in the composition
and scale of the physical universe.
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http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/P
PARC/bang/bang.htm
Earth and Space Sciences
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Explain that many processes occur in
patterns within the Earth’s systems.
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http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic
/atlantic.html
http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/struc
ture/visualizations/orogeny.html
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/oc
eans_weather_climate/welcome.html
Earth and Space Sciences
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Explain the 4.5 billion-year-history
of Earth and the 4 billion-yearhistory of life on Earth based on
observable scientific evidence in the
geologic period.
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http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/in
dex.php?cat=Earth_Science
Law of Superposition
Earth and Space Sciences
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Describe the finite nature of Earth’s
resources and those human
activities that can conserve or
deplete Earth’s resources.
Earth and Space Sciences
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Explain the process that move and
shape Earth’s surfaces.
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http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/in
dex.php?cat=Earth_Science
http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorksho
ps/structure/visualizations/orogeny.ht
ml
Earth and Space Sciences
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Summarize the historical
development of scientific theories
and ideas, and describe emerging
issues in the study of Earth and
space sciences.
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http://www.seasky.org/spacexp/sky5d.
html
Life Sciences
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Explain that cells
are the basic unit
of structures and
function of living
organisms, that
once life originated
all cells come from
pre-existing cells,
and that there are
a variety of cell
types.
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Basic units of life
We have evolved
from single-celled
organisms
Different cells
have different
jobs.
Life Science
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Eukaryotic Cell
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Has cell membrane
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Allows material to enter
and leave the cell.
Nucleus-contains DNA
Mitochondria-energy is
stored and used, contains
DNA
ER- transportation system
within the cell
Ribosomes- protein is
made
Vacuoles- closets, store
stuff
Life Science
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Cell Wall
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Function is
protection,
support,
structure.
Chloroplasts
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Contain
chlorophyll
Make the plant
green
Function is to
produce food
Life Cells
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RBC
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Hair
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Form is round
Function is fit through
our circulatory system
Form is wide on
bottom and thin at
top
Function is for root
stability hair
formation
Sperm
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Form head and tail
Function is to swim by
using the flagellum
Life Sciences
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Explain the characteristics of life as
indicated by cellular processes and
describe the process of cell division
and development.
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Cells must divide to reproduce.
Cells produce an exact copy of the cells
they replace.
Cells go through phases of change.
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Prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telephase
Life Science
meiosis
Life Sciences
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Explain the genetic mechanisms and
molecular basis of inheritance.
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Form and function of Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
(DNA)
Genes- traits
Alleles- one part of two that make up a gene
Mutations- is the only source of new
genetic material
Sex-linked traits- traits carried by either a
male or female
Life Sciences
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Explain the genetic mechanisms and
molecular basis of inheritance.
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Genotype
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What you are, in your genes
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Bb- heterozygous dominant brown-eyes
Phenotype
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What you look like, photograph
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Brown-eyes
Life Sciences
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Explain the flow of
energy and the
cycling of matter
through biological
and ecological
systems (cellular,
organismal, and
ecological).
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Starts with the
Sun to primary
producers to
primary consumers
to secondary and
tertiary consumers
Life Sciences
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Explain how
evolutionary
relationships
contribute to an
understanding or
the unity and
diversity of life.
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Taxonomy
Kingdom (5)
 Phyllum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species
 Sub-species
Homo sapien sapien
Canis lupus bailieyi
Felis domesticus
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Life Sciences
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Explain the structure and function
of ecosystems and relate how
ecosystems change over time.
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Biotic- living components of an
ecosystem
Abiotic-nonliving components of an
ecosystem
Life Sciences
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Describe how human activities can impact
the status of natural systems.
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GMOs- Genetically Modified Organisms
 Scientist change the organism DNA to improve
its ability to live
 BT- Bacilis thuringensis has been added to
cotton plants to produce a poison to protect it
from bugs.
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Killing bugs, cotton is poisonous, cotton grows
faster and bigger, grow more cotton, need more
land, eliminates ecosystems, food chain is
disrupted, poison goes through food chain.
Life Sciences
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Describe a foundation of biological
evolution as the change in gene
frequency of a population over time.
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Natural Selection- Charles Darwin “Origin of
Species”- survival of fittest
 Offspring are more likely to survive due to
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Genetic, traits, genes, alleles, mutations
 Ability to reproduce
 Ability to move
 Ability to attract a mate
 Ability to support family
 Ability to get food
 Genetics that allow you to grow
Life Sciences
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Explain how natural selection and
other evolutionary mechanisms
account for the unity and diversity
of past and present life forms.
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Natural selection determines the
survival of the fittest
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Separates organisms to create diversity in
our world.
Life Sciences
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Summarize the historical
development of scientific theories
and ideas, and describe emerging
ideas.