Transcript 4th MP Quarterly Review - Southern Regional School District

4th MP Quarterly
Review
6. Vocab
Gene- the set of instructions for each characteristic donated by the
parent to the offspring
Phenotype- the physical appearance of an organism
Dominant trait- the stronger trait that always appears in the first
generation
Recessive trait- the weaker trait that is masked by the dominant trait
and reappears in the second generation
Adaptation- is a characteristic that helps a plant or animal survive in its
environment
Evolution- the slow change in plants and animals over time
Taxonomy- the science of describing, naming, and classifying
organisms
DNA- Watson and Crick
1. discovered the structure of DNA
double helix/ twisted ladder
2. Sides are phosphate and sugar
Rungs are nitrogen bases A-T C-G
Mendel- Genetics
3. Mendel’s results found
the ratio of dominant to
recessive traits was
3:1
(3 tall for every 1 short)
Cell
4. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, for
example a bacteria cell.
The flagella helps the bacteria cell move.
Trait
5. Traits are characteristics passed on from
parent to offspring.
Examples:
eye color
hair color
attached/detached earlobes
7. Meiosis is the process of making sex cells
The end result is 4 new daughter cells
different from the parent cell.
Natural Selection
8. Natural Selection explains that organisms which are
better adapted to their environment will survive and
reproduce more successfully.
Darwin explained how species change over time but he did
not realize that these variations were caused by genes.
4 parts of Natural Selection #9
Overproduction- organisms produce more eggs/offspring
than what will survive
Inherited variation- there are differences among
organisms in a species
Struggle to survive- organisms may die from disease,
lack of food or predators before reproducing
Successful reproduction- the better adapted survive to
reproduce organisms that will survive too
10. Pesticide exposure can produce insects that are
resistant to the repellant
11. Elephants with valuable tusks will be killed before they
reproduce and eventually that trait will decrease in the
population. More tuskless elephants will live to reproduce.
12. Carolus Linnaeus classified organisms (taxonomy) by
their shape and structure
13. The scientific name of an organism is written with the
Genus and species names using Greek or Latin .
Classification
Kids Pick Candy Over Fresh Green Salad
14.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Kingdoms
15.There are 6
kingdoms
Punnett Squares
Heterozygous Brown is Bb
Homozygous Brown is BB
Homozygous blue is bb