Transcript Review for Evolution Test

Review for Evolution Test
Study Study Study
In humans, the pelvis and the
femur, or thighbone, are
involved in walking. In whales,
the pelvis and femur shown in
examples of fossils.
examples of natural variation.
acquired traits.
vestigial structures.
An adaptation is an inherited
characteristic that can be
• physical or behavioral.
• physical or geographical.
• acquired during the organism’s
lifetime.
• the result of artificial selection.
When a farmer breeds only his or
her best livestock, the process
involved is
• natural selection.
• artificial variation.
• artificial selection.
• survival of the fittest.
Darwin’s theory of evolution
suggests that
species change over time.
extinct species are not related to living
species.
different species can interbreed.
animals that look alike are the most closely
related.
The combined genetic
information of all members of a
particular population is the
population’s
• relative frequency.
• phenotype.
• gene pool.
• genotype.
A change in a sequence of DNA
is called a
•recombination.
•single-gene trait.
•polygenic trait.
•mutation.
Natural selection acts directly
on
•alleles.
•phenotypes.
•genes.
•mutations.
The separation of populations
by barriers such as rivers,
mountains, or bodies of water is
called
• temporal isolation.
• behavioral isolation.
• geographic isolation.
• genetic equilibrium.
To compare the relative ages of
fossils, scientists sometimes
use an easily recognized
species called a(an)
• carbon fossil.
• index fossil.
• radioactive fossil.
• sedimentary fossil.
Most fossils form in
• rusty water.
• sedimentary rock.
• volcanic rocks.
• the sap of ancient trees.
Sharks, dolphins, and penguins
all have streamlined bodies and
appendages that enable them to
move through water. These
similarities are the result of
•
•
•
•
coevolution.
asexual reproduction.
convergent evolution.
adaptive radiation.
Examples of fossils include
preserved
• eggs.
• body parts.
• footprints.
• all of the above
The length of time required for
half of the radioactive atoms in
a sample to decay is its
•half-life.
•radioactive date.
•relative date.
•period.
The first organisms on Earth
were most like today’s
•bacteria.
•multicellular
organisms.
•eukaryotes.
•DNA molecules.
Darwin called the ability of an
organism to survive and reproduce
in its environment
•diversity.
•adaptation.
•fitness.
•evolution.
Which part of a mammal’s brain
contains a well-developed
cerebral cortex—the center of
thinking?
• medulla oblongata
• cerebrum
• spinal cord
• cerebellum
Having a thumb that can move
against the other fingers makes
it possible for a primate to
• hold objects firmly.
• merge visual images.
• display elaborate social
behaviors.
• judge the locations of tree
branches.
The earliest hominid that
belonged to the same genus as
modern humans was probably
• Homo habilis.
• Homo afarensis.
• Homo neanderthalensis.
• Homo ergaster.
Fossil evidence indicates that
Australopithecus afarensis
• was primarily a meat-eater.
• had a large brain.
• was bipedal.
• appeared later than Homo
ergaster.
The function of a placenta is to
• a. exchange materials between an
embryo and its mother.
• b. store and process newly swallowed
plant food.
• c. store urine until it is eliminated from the
body.
• d. increase the volume of the chest cavity
during breathing.
Which of the following is NOT a
characteristic of most primates?
• opposable digits
• binocular vision
• a well-developed cerebrum
• a cloaca
Bipedal locomotion consists of
• swinging from branch to
branch.
• using the tail to grasp
branches during walking.
• moving the big toe against the
other digits.
• walking on two feet.
Which statement is true of the
Neanderthals?
• They evolved after the CroMagnons.
• They made stone tools.
• They became extinct about 1
million years ago.
• They replaced Homo sapiens in
Europe and the Middle East.
Which of the following was a
characteristic of Homo habilis?
• using tools made of stone and
bone
• producing cave paintings
• having a skeleton similar to that of
a gorilla
• burying their dead with elaborate
rituals
Hominids differ from other
primates on the basis of all of
the following EXCEPT
• brain size.
• method of locomotion.
• method of reproduction.
• shape of the hip bones.
Figure 15–3
Inferring Scientists have never seen the ancient horses shown in Figure 15-3.
What do you think was the main type of evidence that scientists used to prepare these
diagrams?