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1
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity.
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2
Amplitude
The maximum displacement of a point
from its rest position.
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3
Boiling
The process in which energy absorbed
by a substance results in a change of
state from liquid to gas, without a
change in temperature.
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4
Centre of Gravity
The point through which the whole
weight of an object appears to act.
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5
Condensation
The process in which energy taken
away from substance results in a
change of state from gas to liquid,
without a change in temperature.
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6
Conduction
The transfer of thermal energy through
a medium without any flow of the
medium.
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7
Convection
The transfer of thermal energy by
means of current movement in a fluid
(liquid or gas), due to a difference in
density.
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8
Critical Angle
The angle of incidence in an optically
denser medium for which the angle of
refraction in the optically less dense
medium is 90°.
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9
Density
Mass per unit volume.
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10
Displacement
Shortest distance from initial to the
final position of an object, taking
direction into consideration. A vector
quantity.
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11
Distance
Length of path taken by an object. A
scalar quantity.
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12
Echo
The repetition of sound due to the
reflection of sound.
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13
Electric Current
Rate of flow of electric charge.
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14
Electric Field
A region in which an electric charge
experiences an electric force.
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15
Electric Force
The attractive or repulsive force that
electric charges exert on one another.
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16
Electromagnetic Induction
The process through which an induced
EMF is produced in a conductor due to
a charging magnetic field.
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17
Electromotive Force (EMF)
The work done by the source in driving
a unit charge around a complete
circuit.
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18
Energy
The ability to do work.
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19
Faraday’s Law of
Electromagnetic Induction
The magnitude of the induced EMF in a
circuit is directly proportional to the
rate of change of magnetic flux in the
circuit.
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20
First Law of Reflection
The incident ray, reflected ray and the
normal at the point of incidence all lie
in the same plane.
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21
Focal Length
The distance between the
optical centre and focal point.
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22
Frequency
The number of oscillations produce
per second.
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23
Friction
The contact force that opposes or
tends to oppose motion between
surfaces in contact.
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24
Gravitational Field
A region in which a mass experiences
a force due to gravitation attraction.
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25
Gravitational Field Strength
The gravitational force acting per unit
mass.
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26
Gravitational Potential Energy
Amount of work done in order to raise
the body to the height from a reference
point.
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27
Heat
Refers to the amount of thermal
energy that is being transferred from a
hotter to a colder region.
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28
Heat Capacity
The amount of thermal energy required
to raise the temperature of a
substance by 1 Kelvin.
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29
Ice Point
The lower fixed point.
It is the temperature of pure melting
ice at one atmosphere, and it is
assigned a value of 0°C .
.
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30
Inertia
The reluctance of an object to change
its state of rest or motion, due to its
mass.
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31
Kinetic Energy
The energy a body possesses due to
its motion.
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32
Kinetic Model of Matter
The theory that tiny particles that make
up matter are always in continuous
random motion.
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33
Latent Heat
The energy released or absorbed by a
substance during a change of state,
without a change in its temperature.
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34
Latent Heat of Fusion
The amount of thermal energy required
to change a substance from one solid
state to liquid state, without a change
in its temperature.
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35
Latent Heat of Vaporisation
The amount of thermal energy required
to change a substance from one liquid
state to gaseous state, without a
change in its temperature.
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36
Lenz’s Law
The direction of the induced EMF and
hence the induced current in a closed
circuit is always such that its magnetic
effect opposes the motion or change
producing it.
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37
Longitudinal Waves
Waves that travel parallel to the
direction of the vibration.
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38
Loudness
Related to the amplitude of a sound
wave – the larger the amplitude, the
louder the sound.
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39
Magnetic Field
The region surrounding a magnet, in
which a body of magnetic material
experiences a magnetic force.
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40
Mass
The amount of matter in a body.
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41
Melting
The process in which energy absorbed
by a substance results in a change of
state from solid to liquid, without a
change in temperature.
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42
Moment of a Force
The product of the force and the
perpendicular distance from the pivot
to the line of action of the force.
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43
Motor Effect
A current-carrying conductor
experiences a force when placed in a
magnetic field.
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44
Newton’s First Law of Motion
Every object will continue in its state
of rest or uniform motion in a straight
line unless a resultant force acts on it.
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45
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
When a resultant force acts on an
object of a constant mass, the object
will accelerate in the direction of the
resultant force. The product of the
mass and acceleration of the object
gives the resultant force.
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46
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
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47
Ohm’s Law
The current passing through a metallic
conductor is directly proportional to
the potential difference across it,
provided the physical conditions
remain constant.
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48
Oscillation
A complete to-and-fro movement of an
object.
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49
Period
Time taken for one complete
oscillation.
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50
Pitch
Related to the frequency of a sound
wave – the higher the frequency of a
sound wave, the higher the pitch.
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51
Potential Difference
The work done to drive a unit charge
through the component.
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52
Potential Divider
A line of resistors connected in series.
It is used to provide a fraction of the
voltage of a source to another part of
the circuit.
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53
Power
The rate of work done or rate of energy
conversion.
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54
Pressure
The force acting per unit area.
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55
Principle of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or
destroyed, but can be converted from
one form to another. The total energy
in an isolated system is constant.
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56
Principle of Moments
When a body is in equilibrium, the
sum of clockwise moments about a
pivot is equal to the
sum of anti-clockwise moments
about the same pivot.
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57
Radiation
The transfer of thermal energy in the
form of a electromagnetic waves such
as infrared radiation without the aid of
a medium.
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58
Refraction
The bending of light as it passes from
one optical medium to another.
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59
Resistance
The ratio of the potential difference
across it to the current flowing
through it.
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60
Second Law of Reflection
The angle of incidence is equal to
the angle of reflection.
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61
Scalar Quantities
Quantities in that have
magnitude only.
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62
Solidification
The process in which energy taken
away from a substance results in a
change of state from liquid to solid,
without a change in temperature.
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63
Sound
A form of energy that is transferred
from one point to another as a
longitudinal wave through vibration of
particles in the medium.
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64
Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of thermal energy required
to raise the temperature of a unit mass
of a substance by 1 Kelvin.
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65
Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
The amount of thermal energy required
to change unit mass of the substance
from one solid state to liquid state,
without a change in its temperature.
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66
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation
The amount of thermal energy required
to change unit mass of the substance
from one liquid state to gaseous state,
without a change in its temperature.
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67
Speed
The distance moved per unit time.
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68
Steam Point
The upper fixed point. It is the
temperature of steam from water
boiling at one atmosphere, and is
assigned a value of 100°C.
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69
Transverse Waves
Waves with particles that travel
perpendicular to the direction of the
wave propagation.
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70
Temperature
Refers to how hot or cold an object is.
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71
Terminal Velocity
The velocity of an object reached in
free fall where its weight is equal to the
air resistance
against it.
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72
Total Internal Reflection
The complete reflection of a light ray
side in an optically denser medium at
its boundary with an optically less
dense medium.
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73
Transformer
A device that can change a high
alternating voltage/current to a low
alternating voltage/current, or vice
versa.
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74
Ultrasound
A sound with frequencies above the
upper limit of the human range of
audibility.
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75
Vector Quantities
Quantities that have
both magnitude and direction.
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76
Velocity
Rate of change of displacement.
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77
Wavefront
A imaginary line on a wave that joins
all adjacent points that are in phase.
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78
Wavelength
The shortest distance between any two
points with the same phase.
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79
Wavespeed
The distance travelled by a wave per
second.
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80
Weight
The gravitational force, or gravity,
acting on an object.
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81
Work Done
The product of the force and the
distance moved by the object in the
direction of the force.
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