Transcript slides - TNC15

Virtual Atomic Clocks “to the desk” – OPTIME project
Wojbor Bogacki
PARTNERS
University of Science
and Technology
Astrogeodynamic
Orange Poland - TPSA
Observatory
Space Research Centre PAS
Poznan
Supercomputing
and Networking Center
WHAT USERS
NEED?
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User needs
?
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WHO NEEDS
PRECISE TIME?
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Terena Networking Conference – 15-18 June 2015, Porto, Portugal
Why do we need precise time?
Science
• Earth science,
• Astronomy,
• Physics,
• Technical science.
Services
• Legal time,
• Time stamp,
• Mobile networks synchronization,
• Determination of UTC.
Terena Networking Conference – 15-18 June 2015, Porto, Portugal
Science – Earth Science
Earth
•Measurements of rotation
•Determination of geocentrum
•The measurement of mass distribution
•The movements of tectonic plates
Atmo
sphere
Iono
sphere
Oceans
•Climate studies
•Weather modelling
•Interactions between Iono-, thermoand atmosphere
•Storms formation and evolution
•Determination of the ocean geoid
•Measurements of global circulation
•Measurements of sea state and winds
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Science – Astronomy
1
Very Long Baseline Inferferometry
is a type of astronomical interferometry used in radio
astronomy, which used a multiple, distributed radio
telescopes.
2
Low Frequency Array For Radio Astronomy
using a new concept based on a vast array of omnidirectional antennas.
1 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Torun32m_winter.jpg
2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LOFAR_Superterp.jpg
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Science – Physics
Research:
Gravitational wave – ripples in the curvature of space time that
propagate as a wave, travelling outward from the source.
Higgs boson – an elementary particle in the Standard Model of
particle physics, which allows scientists to explore the Higgs field.
Verification of physical theories – experimental verification of the
theory provided by theoretical physics.
Optical clocks – next generation of atomic clocks,
Pulsar clock – clocks based on pulsars.
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Science – Technical Science
Electronics:
• Construction measuring devices:
• Mikrosteppers,
• Multichannel counters.
Computer science:
• Synchronization computer systems,
• Network Time Protocol
• Precision Time Protocol
Metrology:
• Comparison of remote atomic clocks,
• Determination of UTC
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Services
1
Legal Time:
• Time applicable on given area, usually a country or a smaller
territorial,
• Provided by National Measurement Institute.
Time stamp:
• The Time which can be used to mark events or document,
• In official document should be used a legal time.
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SYNCHRONIZATION
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How we can synchronize time and frequency?
•
•
•
•
•
Common-View,
Precise Point Positioning,
Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer,
Time Transfer by Laser Link (L2T2),
Optical fiber transfer.
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How we can synchronize time and frequency?
Common View Method
• The two laboratories being observed the same GNSS satellite and determine the difference between
laboratories clocks and GNSS clocks. Next the results are compared.
• Accuracy: ~5 ns
Precise Point Positioning
• method of measuring the phase of the carrier frequency GNSS satellites, required access to precise
ephemeris (5 cm)
• Accuracy: ~100 ps
Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer,
• a two-way time transfer by communications satellite by using microwave frequency
• Accuracy: ~20 ps
Time Transfer by Laser Link (L2T2),
• The experimental method using geodesy satellite lasers, synchronized by atomic clocks in laboratories.
Stations "shoot" laser pulses to Jason2 satellites equipped with laser reflectors
• Accuracy: ~20 ps
Optical fiber transfer.
• Time and frequency transfer via optical fiber,
• Instantaneous measurements results,
• Accuracy: ~10 ps
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PROJECT OPTIME
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Project OPTIME
The OPTIME creates an ultra-precise time and frequency signals dissemination system. End users obtain
access to these signals without incurring huge costs for the purchase their own atomic clocks, and receive the
service related to laboratories generating international atomic time scales, to which any precise time must be
referred.
Time and frequency reference laboratories
- provide time-frequency signals to the OPTIME system.
Local repositories
- synchronized to reference laboratories
- responsible to maintain time-frequency signals during any failures
caused by loss of connection with laboratories.
Fiber optical network
- with specialized transmission equipment transfers time and frequency
signals between laboratories, repositories and end-users.
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Project OPTIME - topology
System OPTIME consists:
•
2 Time and Frequency Laboratories –
the first one is located in GUM in
Warsaw and generates UTC (PL), the
second one is located in AOS in
Borowiec and generates UTC (AOS);
•
2 Local Repositories – the first one is
located in PSNC in Poznan, the second
one will be located in KL FAMO in
Torun;
•
2 fiber optical links 750 km long – the
first 420 km long is operational more
than 3 years, the second one 330 km
long is operational since December
2014;
Operational links
End Users
Reference T&F Laboratories
OPTIME local repository
PIONIER optical network
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Project OPTIME – Local repository
Data
Monitoring & Control
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
10 MHz
1 PPS
Optical Time &
Frequency
Receiver
Optical Line
Direction II
1 PPS
10 MHz
1 PPS
Optical Time &
Frequency
Receiver
Optical Line
Direction I
SIS GPS/
GLONASS/
Galileo
Data
1 PPS
TTS - 4
10 MHz
Time & Frequency
Standard
1 PPS
1 PPS
10 MHz
Microstepper
10 MHz
1 PPS
M
U
L
T
I
P
L
E
X
E
R
10 MHz
1 PPS
1 PPS
MULTICHANNEL COUNTER
Distribution
Amplifier of 10MHz
signal
10 MHz
Distribution
Amplifier of 1PPS
impulse signal
1 PPS
10 MHz
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Optical Time &
Frequency
Transmiter
1 PPS
Optical Line
Project OPTIME – Results
First results of comparison of 10 MHz signal from H-Maser
located in AOS Borowiec and Optical Clock located in KL
FAMO Torun. Green points – Allan deviation comparisons of
two optical clocks at KL FAMO. Red points – Allan deviation
of measurements of optical comb connected at KL FAMO to
10 MHz from Borowiec, and one of the strontium clocks.
The optical 420 km link between Central Office of Measures
(GUM) in Warsaw and Astrogeodynamical Observatory
(AOS) in Borowiec near Poznan is fully operational and In
permanent use for more than 3 years. It allows for a
continuous real-time comparisons of the UTC (PL) and
UTC (AOS) time scales.
The precision of a single measurement (sampling time 5 s)
is 30 ps. For averaging periods 0.5 hour increases to 25 ps.
For longer intervals the noise of caesium clock located in
GUM – UTC (PL) begins to dominate the comparisons.
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VIRTUAL ATOMIC
CLOCK TO THE
DESK
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Project OPTIME – Virtual Atomic clock to the desk
OPTIME provides time and frequency signals to end user with atomic clock accuracy,
without cost of atomic clock itself and its maintenance.
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• The first
line is
active more
than 3
years
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Polish
• Time and
frequency
signal can
be
transmitted
on a long
distance
• System can
use many
reference
laboratories
Stable
• The
accuracy of
the system
is at the
level of the
best
research
centres on
the world
Distributed
Ultra-precise
Project OPTIME - Summary
• Time and
frequency
transfer
technology
was
developed
in Poland
Project OPTIME – Acknowledgements
OPTIME is a project co-founded by the National Centre for Research and
Development in the Applied Research Programme.
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The End
Thank you for you attention
[email protected]
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CONTACT
Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center
61-704 Poznań, ul. Noskowskiego 10
Binczewski Artur
phone: (+48 61) 858 2010, (+48 601) 727 048
e-mail; [email protected]