Transcript Differences between Animal & Plant cells

1.1
CELLS
WHAT ARE CELLS??????
•Cells are the basic unit of life
•All living things are made up of cells
•Each cell contains small parts called ORGANELLES which
have special functions to maintain all life processes such as:
a) intake of nutrients
e) exchange of gases
b) movement
f) waste removal
c) growth
g) reproduction
d) response to stimuli
•There are two types of cells: Animal cells and Plant cells
•Plant and animal cells have some organelles in common,
others vary
ANIMAL CELL
Cytosol
Cytoplasm refers to the jelly-like material with organelles in
it.
If the organelles were removed, the soluble part that would
be left is called the cytosol. It consists mainly of water with
dissolved substances that organelles need to survive
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It is the largest organelle in
the cell and it contains the DNA of the cell. The DNA of all cells is made
up of chromosomes.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains all the information for cells to
live, perform their functions and reproduce.
Inside the nucleus is another organelle called the nucleolus. The
nucleolus is responsible for making ribosomes.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell.
Convert the energy in food molecules into
chemical energy cells can use
Every type of cell has a different amount of
mitochondria. There are more mitochondria in
cells that have to perform lots of work, for
example- your leg muscle cells, heart muscle
cells etc. Other cells need less energy to do
their work and have less mitochondria.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- It is a network of membranes
throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. There are two types of ER.
When ribosomes are attached it is called rough ER and smooth ER
when there are no ribosomes attached.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is where most protein synthesis
occurs in the cell. The function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is
to synthesize lipids (fats) in the cell.
Golgi complex/apparatus
It is organelle in the cell that is responsible for modifying, sorting and
correctly packaging the proteins produced in the ER so that they can be
delivered to other parts of the cell or outside of the cell.
Cell Membrane
– A protective barrier around
the cell
– Is made of a double layer of lipids
– Lipids are fat like substance that DO NOT dissolve in
water
– It is designed to allow different substances to move
through it
• How do substances move through the cell membrane?
a) Osmosis – water moves from a high concentration to
a low concentration
B) Diffusion- When a dissolved substance moves from
a high concentration to a low concentration
The fluid
mosaic model
•In this model the cell
membrane is seen as a
bilayer of phospholipids
(fat molecules) in which
protein molecules are
embedded.
•The cell membrane is the
gate keeper of the cell. It
controls the movement of
substances into and out of
the cell.
Vesicles
This term literally means "small vessel". This organelle helps store and
transport products produced by the cell.
Some vesicles deliver materials to parts of the cell and others transport
materials outside the cell in a process called exocytosis
Lysosomes
•function as the cell's clean up system.
•digest bacteria or damaged organelles and recycle the
proteins and lipids from them for use elsewhere in the
cell
Cytoskeleton
• All cells have a cytoskeleton
• Made of protein filaments
• Helps keep the cell’s shape
Centrioles
•Within an animal cells only
•The two centrioles are arranged such that one is
perpendicular to the other.
•During animal cell division, the centrioles are responsible
for making the "spindle" which separating replicated
(copied) chromosomes.
Cilia
•are thread-like projections of certain cells that beat in a regular
fashion to create currents that sweep materials along
Flagella
•may extend to the rear of a cell and push it forward by snakelike
wriggling, or it may stick out in front and draw a cell along.
PLANT CELL
A rigid frame around the cell that provide strength
Only in plant cells
Chloroplast
•The cell organelle in which
photosynthesis takes place. Light energy
of the sun is converted into chemical
energy.
• Chloroplasts are found only in plant
cells not animal cells
•Chloroplasts contain tiny pigments
called chlorophylls. Chlorophylls are
responsible for trapping the light energy
from the sun and give plants their green
colour.
Vacuoles
• are storage organelles in cells.
•may store water, waste products, food, and other
cellular materials.
•In plant cells, the vacuole may take up most of the
cell's volume.
Differences between Animal & Plant cells
.
Feature
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
No chloroplasts
Chloroplasts capture light
energy
Vacuole
Size
Small
Large
Cell
Division
Have centrioles to make
spindle fibers
No centrioles
No cell walls
Cell walls are present
Present
Are not present
Photosynthesis
Cell walls
Lysosomes
HOMEWORK:
p. 16 #1-3, 5
Worksheet: Colour the cell parts the appropriate colour
and answer the questions