Transcript 40 Gbps - Internet2

Beyond 10 GbE – Looking Ahead
Qwest Communications International
Mark Stine, CTO
Government Services Division
February 2005
Some of the Panel’s Questions
What problem are we trying to solve ?
How does price/technology/demand determine next
step beyond 10 Gbps ?
Where are we now ?
40 Gbps/ OC-768 or 100 Gbps ?
Qwest Proprietary and Confidential
© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
1
What problem are we trying to solve? For Qwest
any new technology must result in:
Revenue improvement
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Enable new services
Product line consolidation
Increase market coverage; provide services faster
Manage disruption of legacy revenue
Cost reduction
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Increase utilization
Reduce ports; minimize metallic interfaces
Increase power efficiency and equipment density
Minimize revisits to equipment
Remote operation
Operations simplification
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Convergence, integration of networks
Ease provisioning, network configuration changes
Improve inventory management
Reduce engineering and planning complexity
Business goals driven by
– demand, capital, competition, relationships
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© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
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Qwest Multi-service, Packet Centric Infrastructure
Service Data
& Control
MPLS/IP Domain
(switching, aggregation, &
Layer 2/3 service intelligence)
SCP
AS
Control/Applications Domain
SBC
Last Residential
Mile
(distributed intelligence &
IP enabled service creation)
MPLS/IP
Core
Physical Domain
(next gen optical)
Multi-service Delivery Edge
Other
Carriers
Optical
Connectivity
DWDM
NG-ADM
NG-ADM
DWDM
DWDM
Last
Business
Mile
, sub- Edge
Broadband Access Pipes
OC-n, Ethernet Edge
• Optical, Packet, Wireless
Next Generation OSS
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© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
3
How does 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps help?
More efficient aggregation of traffic
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Today’s large metro, West coast and East coast routes have
sufficient demand to support higher TDM rates beyond 10 Gbps
Traditionally higher TDM rate easier to manage than DWDM
Minimizes or eliminates WDM channels
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Could be fairly significant in the metro environment as cost
avoidance to deploying a metro DWDM system
Reduces the number of customer interfaces to manage
Cheaper – 40 Gbps getting closer
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Higher TDM rate interface cards typically prove in at 2.5 times the
cost for 4.0 times the bandwidth. For example, 10 Gbps proved in
at 2.5 times the cost of 2.5 Gbps
Solves customer application ???
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© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
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Where are we today ? Qwest has demonstrated
the largest known 10G/40G BW * D Field Trial
Critical achievements:
• ULH DWDM propagation of 85+
10 Gbps channels at
>3000 km with mixed span lengths on Qwest TWC fiber
• 3x40Gbps and 88x10Gbps propagated over 1516 km
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10Gb/s
channel
-20
power spectrum at Tx (dBm)
System performance met or exceeded all key
advertised features and satisfied Qwest
requirements
- Very good performance as measured
by both pre- and post-FEC BER
Key caveats
• System was based mostly upon GA or
near GA equipment and results are
realizable in real world
• Configuration is not fully optimal and
better performance may be achieved
- PMD not known (probably very low –
less than .07ps/sqrt-km)
- CD map optimized for 10Gbps (but
sufficient for 40Gbps)
• The results do not include tolerances
for best practice engineering (link
margins, end-of-life, etc…)
40Gb/s
channels
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45
1592
1594
1596 1598 1600
wavelength (nm)
1602
© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
1604
1606
10Gb/s
channel
5
40G Trial Configuration:1516km
Hardware Loop Back
of True Wave Fiber
LAS – MA/PA
Christina_TN
LAM – MA/DGMA
BowlingGreen_KY
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LAM – DGMA/MA
Louisville_KY
LAS – MA/PA
TERMINAL
LAM – DGMA/MA
CHTN
Stephenson_TN
LAS – PA/MA
Nashville_TN
LAM – MA/DGMA
Upton_KY
Seymour_IN
MA
MA
MA
3X3 SWITCH
Indianapolis
TLI Insertion
40Gbps
TR
3
3X3
IPLS
(Indianapolis)
Seymour
Seymour
Louisville
Louisville
10 Gig J2127A
Transmission Test Set
Upton
Upton
Bowling Green
40Gbps
TR
100G
Hz
Mux/
Dem
ux
40Gbps
TR
Bowling Green
Nashville
CHTG
CHTG
(Chattanooga)
10Gbps
TR
10Gbps
TR
50G Tunable
Hz Gateway
Nashville
Christiana
Stephenson
Stephenson
T
TERM
Christiana
10Gbps CW
Laser Bank
• 14 tunable 10Gbps (50 GHz) transponders
• 3 fixed 40Gbps (100 GHz) transponders
• 74 CW lasers
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© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
Where are we going? Key Trends in Transport
Metro Optical Networking –
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Large scale EXC/MSPP with optical interfaces
160Gbps-1.28Tbps capacity
OC-3c – OC-768(c)
VCAT combined with L2 capabilities
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Carrier grade L2 devices
Options for MPLS or VLAN traffic management/organization
Ethernet over dark fiber and over DWDM
Fast-E through 10G LAN PHY
Metro Optical Ethernet –
Long Haul Optical Transport
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Expansion of Ethernet in carrier transport space – Ethernet aggregation
Agile optical switching (OXCs, ROADMs)
Integrated 10G and 40G DWDM systems
Tunable and integrated optics
Optical control plane: GMPLS
G.709 digital wrappers
Ultra FEC
Raman amplification options
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© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
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Key Disruptive Optical Trends to Watch
Optical component consolidation
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Price disruption may drive optical architectures around these optical
components.
Coherent modulation
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May help enable 40 and 100 Gbps bit rates with lower symbol rates
Debate over opaque (digital) and transparent (analog)
architectures
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Depends on the network physical topology, demand set, applications,
etc.
Some elements of both architectures will be optimal
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© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
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Optical component consolidation
For the last 10 yrs we have been reducing the number
of lasers in an optical transport network to reduce cost
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Ultra Long Haul transponders/modulators, FEC, Raman to improve
reach and reduce regeneration
Transparency to reduce through traffic regeneration
What if the costs of lasers and optical components
became cheap? Different paradigm. Very disruptive.
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Consolidation of multiple discrete optical components onto silicon
Chip yields in full production environment??
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© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
9
Coherent Modulation - Radio Communications 101
Today’s optical transport equipment uses OOK modulation
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Some version of NRZ, RZ, & CS-RZ formats
Future coherent modulation is disruptive in the long haul
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QPSK, PSK, dQPSK, dPSK, QAM, etc
Offers up to a theoretical gain of 3 dB OSNR over OOK
More complex receiver design
Appears to be more tolerant to some nonlinear effects, chromatic
dispersion and PMD
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© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
10
Optical Networking Choices
Opaque (Digital) network
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Transparent (Analog) Network
Passthru Wavelengths
Passthru Wavelengths
TR
SR
EXC
EXC
EXC
EXC
Opaque (Digital)
• Additional grooming points
• Simpler design
• More optical signal
regeneration on passthru
wavelengths
Transparent (Analog)
• Longer reach, More complex
modulation and amplification
system
• Low cost passthru wavelengths
• More upfront cost with more all
optical components
Answer: For Metro and Long Haul Some of both
Qwest Proprietary and Confidential
© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
40 Gbps - Challenges and Answers
Challenges
Fiber
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PMD on older single mode fiber
Costs
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Not quite there
Answers
• The technology is in-place and emerging with GA products
• Qwest has demonstrated in the field that 40 Gbps is viable over real
fiber over varying span lengths in the metro and long haul network
• Good Polarization Mode Dispersion characteristics on TrueWave fiber
• Likely sweet spot for metro transport as a cost avoidance to DWDM
• Coherent modulation schemes will improve long haul economics
Qwest Proprietary and Confidential
© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
12
100 Gbps - Challenges and Answers
Challenges
Fiber
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PMD serious problem on today’s fiber, requires PMD compensators
Dispersion managed fiber likely required and active dispersion compensators
Component and material limitations
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Transmitter/Receivers – near electro-optics limits, may require OTDM vs ETDM
Lasers – very narrow, high repetition pulse rate with low jitter
Processors – processing at line rate challenging (limits FEC, for example)
System concerns
• Channel spacing fairly wide to avoid FWM
• OSNR challenged for current long haul amplifier spacing
• Nonlinear effects: SPM, XPM
Answers
• Not yet clear whether 100 Gbps offers net benefits
• 100 Gbps line rate very tough; may need new fiber for long haul transport
• Coherent modulation and Inverse Muxing appear most promising
 Allows 100 Gbps to be transmitted as multiple 10/20 Gbps signals
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© 2004 Qwest Communications International Inc.
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Thank You!
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