Transcript PPT(1: PNe)

PLANETARY NEBULA IMAGE CATALOGUE
Bruce Balick, U. Washington
A tribute to Donald E. Osterbrock, 1924–2007
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www.astro.washington.edu/balick/PNIC
≈720 images of ≈620 PNe
sorted by galactic coordinates and name
search with your browser’s “Find”
Special acknowledgements: Romano Corradi, Arturo Manhcado
Ground-based, HST, and
Large-Field Images when available
Image Legend:
name, coordinates,
colors, attribution, source
Morphology Classifications
and Frequency Statistics
≈620 PNe; more HST
images of PNe and pPNe
to be added this summer
Morphological Types
• Primary: core outline, which is the most
prominent structure seen in short exposures
– DEPENDS ON GOOD SPATIAL RESOLUTION
– Only one core classification per object, like a species
• Secondary: large-scale symmetries
– DEPENDS ON DEPTH OF EXPOSURES
• Tertiary: relatively prominent extended
features near the core
– LOBES, SHELLS, HALOES, BOW WAVES…
– DEPENDS ON DEPTH OF EXPOSURES
• Tertiary: small-scale features
– ANSAE, JETS, “SPIKES”, FILAMENTS, ETC.
– DETECTION IS SENSITIVE TO RESOLUTION AND FILTER
Primary: Core Outlines
– Round (17% of classifiable, 13% of all)
– Closed Elliptical (36% — 27%)
– Barrel, or open elliptical (29% — 22%)
– Pinched waist (9% — 6%)
– Equatorial disk (9% — 7%)
– Amorphous or complex (unclassifiable) (11%)
– Poorly resolved (unclassifiable) (13%)
Primary: Core Outlines
– Round the core has a closed round outline
– Closed Elliptical the core has a closed elliptical outline
– Barrel, or open elliptical
Primary: Core Outlines
– Pinched waist
the core has a pinched, perhaps darkened waist
– Equatorial disk
the core is dominated by a equatorial thin disk or ring
Primary: Core Outlines
– Amorphous or complex (unclassifiable)
– Poorly resolved (unclassifiable)
2ry: Large-Scale Symmetry
– Multiple Symmetry Axes (8%)
– Spiral or Point Symmetry (5%)
– Orthogonal Extensions (8%)
3ry: Prominent Core Extensions
– Lobe Pairs (open and closed) (27%)
– Peanut, or Pinched Barrel (4%)
– Encapsulating Bow Wave (2%)
3ry: Prominent Core Extensions
– Shells (adjacent to core; ≈smooth surface brightness) (20%)
– Haloes (large, faint, limb brightened, sometimes irregular) (4%)
4ry: Small-Scale Features
– Ansae or Knots (in regular pairs) (10%)
– Jets or Bowshocks (in regular pairs) (3%)
– Spikes and Necklaces (2%)
4ry: Small-Scale Features
– Knotty Edges (9%)
– Filamentary or Flocculent Edges (12%)
– Possible Neutral Edges (3%)
Remember!
• The images come from highly biased and
incomplete samples and surveys
• The image details depend on exposure depth,
spatial resolution, filters, field, other observables
• Morphologies are a multidimensional continuum;
names can create artificial boundaries
• More HST images coming: prePNe and PNe
• Combine with kinematic data
– e.g., The SPM Kinematic Catalog of PNe (in progress)
J.A. Lopez, M. Richer, H. Riesgo, W. Steffen, J. Meaburn, G. GarciaSegura, M. Bryce, & K. Escalante
• Combine with IR & x-ray images
X-Ray vs Optical
Core Morphologies
• All nine extended xray PNe are
contained within
closed cores and
lobes (so far, anyway)
• All seven nondetections of PNe
have open
geometries
• Suggests that
“punctures” deflate
the hot bubble; gas
cools by expansion
•
X-ray images from www.iaa.csic.es/xpn/xmm_axaf_det.html
courtesy Martin A. Guerrero, You-Hua Chu, and Robert A. Gruendl