Transcript experimental study of high power nanosecond microwave radiation

01
Project of Microwave Physics Center
in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
S.N. Sedykh
From collaboration:
02
Project of Microwave Physics Center
in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
1.
Free-electron maser (FEM) as a RF source for future accelerators
2.
From JINR-IAP FEM oscillator to Microwave Physics Center
3.
Research in relativistic RF electronics – new types of FEM
oscillators, amplifiers, RF detectors
4.
Development of new types of accelerating structures
5.
Searching for method of selective cancer cell destruction
6.
May be the graphene?
7.
Old brothers – SCSTR (Novosibirsk) and FIR UF (Fukui, Japan)
02
Project of Microwave Physics Center
in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
1.
Free-electron maser (FEM) as a RF source for future accelerators
2.
From JINR-IAP FEM oscillator to Microwave Physics Center
3.
Research in relativistic RF electronics – new types of FEM
oscillators, amplifiers, RF detectors
4.
Development of new types of accelerating structures
5.
Searching for method of selective cancer cell destruction
6.
May be the graphene?
7.
Old brothers – SCSTR (Novosibirsk) and FIR UF (Fukui, Japan)
03
Electron energy
Beam current
Radiation power
Induction accelerator
FEM oscillator inside
the solenoid
Output waveguide and
radiation diagnostics
Schematic and general
view of JINR-IAP FEM
oscillator with Bragg
resonator
0.8 MeV
200 A
15 – 20 MW
Pulse duration
170 ns
Radiation frequency
30 GHz
Spectrum width
< 10 MHz
Repetition rate
0.5 – 1pps
04
Project of Microwave Physics Center
in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
1.
Free-electron maser (FEM) as a RF source for future accelerators
2.
From JINR-IAP FEM oscillator to Microwave Physics Center
3.
Research in relativistic RF electronics – new types of FEM
oscillators, amplifiers, RF detectors
4.
Development of new types of accelerating structures
5.
Searching for method of selective cancer cell destruction
6.
May be the graphene?
7.
Old brothers – SCSTR (Novosibirsk) and FIR UF (Fukui, Japan)
05
Milestones and tendency
1.
2.
3.
Cooperation with RF physics experts while developing the FEM
oscillator suitable for accelerator structure testing
Cooperation with accelerator physics experts while performing
CLIC accelerator structure testing
Several projects in application of reliable operating RF source in
nanotechnology, material science, biology etc.
Two main problems
1.
2.
Small number of physicist in our team can not cover many
directions of experiments
Some subsystems of the induction accelerator are rather old and
require serious upgrade (and long pause in experiments!)
Possible solution
1.
2.
To organize a Microwave Physics Center as a center of regular
collective exploitation of the facility by collaboration
To build (or purchase) modern compact high-power RF source
which does not depend on electron beam of induction accelerator
06
HV pulse generator RADAN-303
Electron beam energy ~300 keV
Electron beam current
~2 kA
RF pulse duration
~ 250 ps
Peak RF power
up to 600 MW
Power conversion
0.8-0.95
RF average power (600 s) up to 5W
Commercially available compact short-pulse 38 GHz source
(super-radiative backward-wave oscillator),
developed in Institute of Electrophysics, Ekaterinburg, Russia
07
Project of Microwave Physics Center
in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
1.
Free-electron maser (FEM) as a RF source for future accelerators
2.
From JINR-IAP FEM oscillator to Microwave Physics Center
3.
Research in relativistic RF electronics – new types of FEM
oscillators, amplifiers, RF detectors
4.
Development of new types of accelerating structures
5.
Searching for method of selective cancer cell destruction
6.
May be the graphene?
7.
Old brothers – SCSTR (Novosibirsk) and FIR UF (Fukui, Japan)
08
Novel types of Bragg resonator can be used for higer-frequency generation
09
End part of 36 mm-period undulator before bandaging.
We use a new technique of the smooth field tapering on the both ends
10
36 mm-period undulator, new Bragg resonator with horn, cut-off filters, RF detector signal and calorimeter
measurements used in June experiments on generation of 2 MW radiation at the frequency of 62 GHz
11
Dispersion diagram of the regime of ‘‘non-resonant’’
trapping. The solid and dashed lines illustrate
positions of the electron dispersion characteristic at
the input and the output of the coupling region,
respectively.
Electron trajectories on the phase plane (a). Motion of the
‘‘bucket’’ through the level of the electron-wave resonance,
γr = γ0; in the cases of (b) adiabatic ‘‘reflection’’ of electrons
from the ‘‘bucket’’ and (c) non-adiabatic trapping of
electrons by the ‘‘bucket’’.
A.V. Savilov.
A free-electron amplifier in the regime of nonresonant trapping. –
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
Research A 483 (2002) 200–204.
12
Undulator profile
Undulator field, kGs
Wave power, MW
Wave power, MW
Undulator field, kGs
Undulator profile
Distance, cm
Output power, MW
Output power, MW
Distance, cm
Frequency, GHz
Frequency, GHz
Computer simulation of traditional FEM amplifier
and amplifier with “non-resonant trapping” for parameters of JINR-IAP FEM
13
3D simulation of winding and magnetic field distribution of the undulator for FEM
amplifier with non-resonant capture regime (experiments are planned to this autumn)
14
36 GHz 50 kW
0.5 mks pulsed
magnetron
can be used
for some
experiments,
such as
acoustic
sensor testing
Signals of the RF power detector (yellow trace) and acoustic sensor (pink trace) for different absorbing
liquids. Lower picture: acoustic pulse shapes for distilled water (black), ethanol (blue) and their mixture
“vodka” (red). Note, that all liquids have big intrinsic absorption.
15
Project of Microwave Physics Center
in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
1.
Free-electron maser (FEM) as a RF source for future accelerators
2.
From JINR-IAP FEM oscillator to Microwave Physics Center
3.
Research in relativistic RF electronics – new types of FEM
oscillators, amplifiers, RF detectors
4.
Development of new types of accelerating structures
5.
Searching for method of selective cancer cell destruction
6.
May be the graphene?
7.
Old brothers – SCSTR (Novosibirsk) and FIR UF (Fukui, Japan)
16
Calorimeter
Detector of the test cavity output power
Output horn of the test cavity
Mode converter TE11  TE01
Input horn of the test cavity
Input window of the test cavity module
Test cavity
Focusing mirrors
Radiation to the heterodyne
spectrum meter
Detector of the FEM output
power
Output horn of the
FEM oscillator
Diagnostic film
Edge with
maximal pulse
heating
FEM output window
Electron beam from linac
Schematic of the experiment on cavity wall damage
under multiple RF pulse heating
17
Central edge of the test cavity before (left) and after (right) 60 000 pulses
with heating up to 250°C. The pulse temperature at different positions is marked.
18
HSFC = Accelerating structure + RF undulator + lens
Vphc
Vph0
transverse field components
(far from Cherenkov synchronism)
E – accelerating field (synchronous with particles)
Helical self-focusing and cooling (HSFC) accelerating structure
S.V. Kuzikov, A.A. Vikharev, J.L. Hirshfield
Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Yale University, Omega-P, Inc., New Haven, CT, USA
19
Project of Microwave Physics Center
in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
1.
Free-electron maser (FEM) as a RF source for future accelerators
2.
From JINR-IAP FEM oscillator to Microwave Physics Center
3.
Research in relativistic RF electronics – new types of FEM
oscillators, amplifiers, RF detectors
4.
Development of new types of accelerating structures
5.
Searching for method of selective cancer cell destruction
6.
May be the graphene?
7.
Old brothers – SCSTR (Novosibirsk) and FIR UF (Fukui, Japan)
20
Selective delivering of
nano-sized RF absorbers
to the cancer tissue and
its heating by highpower RF wave
FACILITY
FEATURES

METHOD
ADVANTAGES
1. Small average power  safety of living cells
in absence of the local RF absorbers
2. Small pulse duration  local action without
significant heat transfer
3. High pulse power  several possible ways of
the wave energy conversion into heating,
including breakdown mechanisms
4. Wavelength in cm region  possibility to
increase the RF absorption efficiency using
resonance or quasi-resonance conditions
RF radiation
Main ideas of the project of
selective cancer cell destruction
21
Optical mirror for
visual control of the
sample
Infrared
thermometer
Diagnostic film
Colloidal solution
of the nanoclusters
RF wave
focusing mirror
Teflon lens
45º reflector
Receiving horns of
the heterodyne
spectrum meter and
RF power detector
General view of the experiment on the RF absorption by nanoclusters
22
Sort of
particles
Pulse
heating
Ni
0.32oC
Ni(Ag)
0.62oC
Co(Ag)
0.17oC
Fe(Ag)
0.10oC
Measurements of the cooling velocity of the solutions of different nanoparticles
allow to calculate the pulse heating of the particle
23
ε1 = ε2 = 20, R = 100 nm
Maps of normalized absorption cross-section for spherical particle with radius of 100 nm
– comparison of analytical calculation (left) and 3D simulation (right)
24
Images from scanning electron
microscope and dimension
distributions for nanoparticles
of Ni (up) and Co (down)
synthesized in Belarussian
State University, Minsk,
Belorussia
25
Recent experiments on the pulsed temperature
measurements in the regime of ferromagnetic
resonance. The sample is inside the pulsed
magnetic field 0.9-1.1T, which is resonant for
30 GHz radiation. We use Ge photoconductor in
liquid nitrogen cryostat. Right now the results
are very unstable
Ge photoconductor in liquid N2 cryostat
Pulsed coils for ferromagnetic resonance
Our nearest future –
photoconductive
HgCdTe (MCT) infrared
detector produced by
INFRARED
ASSOCIATES
26
Project of Microwave Physics Center
in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
1.
Free-electron maser (FEM) as a RF source for future accelerators
2.
From JINR-IAP FEM oscillator to Microwave Physics Center
3.
Research in relativistic RF electronics – new types of FEM
oscillators, amplifiers, RF detectors
4.
Development of new types of accelerating structures
5.
Searching for method of selective cancer cell destruction
6.
May be the graphene?
7.
Old brothers – SCSTR (Novosibirsk) and FIR UF (Fukui, Japan)
27
Experimental (symbols) and theoretical (solid
curves) plots of the optical coefficients of thin
aluminum films versus film thickness with
allowance for the given substrate material: (b) SHF
radiation is incident onto the metal film from glass
in a three-layer structure of glass (n1 = 1.5), film,
and air (n3 = 1).
An Experimental Study of Millimeter Wave Absorption
in Thin Metal Films
V. G. Andreev, V. A. Vdovin, and P. S. Voronov
Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Technical Physics Letters, Vol. 29, No. 11, 2003, pp. 953–955.
The dependence of absorption and transmission on PvC film
thickness. Triangles and circles correspond to experimental data
at 28 GHz. Solid and dashed lines give A and T, respectively,
obtained from numerical solution of Eq. (2) at substrate thickness
of l1=0.5 mm and the PvC film conductivity of σ=3.5*1014 s-1.
Enhanced microwave shielding effectiveness of ultrathin
pyrolytic carbon films
K. Batrakov, P. Kuzhir, S. Maksimenko, Paddubskaya, Voronovich,
T. Kaplas, and Yu. Svirko
Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 103, 073117 (2013)
28
Absorption (a,b) and transmission (c) coefficients at 30 GHz of graphene/PMMA multilayers on silica containing N~0…4
graphene/PMMA units. In panel (a), the incident EM waves come from the side of the silica substrate (upward orientation of
the graphene/PMMA sandwiches), in (b) they come from the other side of the samples (downward). The upward or downward
orientation of the samples has no influence on the transmission. Both measured and calculated (eq. 5) values are
represented.
Flexible transparent graphene/polymer multilayers for efficient electromagnetic field absorption
K. Batrakov, P. Kuzhir, S. Maksimenko, A. Paddubskaya, S. Voronovich, Ph Lambin, T. Kaplas & Yu Svirko
Belarusian State University, Belarus, Universite´ de Namur, Belgium, University of Eastern Finland. Finland
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 4 : 7191 | DOI: 10.1038/srep07191
29
Δ
film with σ
Incident
EM
wave
transmitted
reflected
 vac 
R film 
E
 377 Ohm
H
 vac
2
current
R film 
ρvac
Rfilm
ρvac
 film
 188 Ohm
1
 188 Ohm

1

188
If σ =1*107 Sm/m, than Δfilm ~ 0.5 nm!
Conditions of maximum absorption of the electromagnetic wave
by a conducting film are the conditions of optimal matching
of the vacuum transmission line with the resistive loading
30
+
Ewave
Echarge
t
Echarge
t
Absorption does not
depend on frequency
t
t
Current
Ewave
t
Current
-
t
Absorption is proportional
to the frequency
Difference between films and particles as a RF radiation absorbers
31
Q ~ S, ΔT ~ Q/V
Surface in minimal
Volume is maximal
If Rball=30 nm,
Volume of the ball
equals to the volume
of the sheet
0,1nm* 1mkm * 1mkm
Surface is maximal
Volume is minimal
Ball is the worst
possible radiation
absorber to be heated
Surface of the sheet is 200
times greater for same
volume
Sheet is the best possible
radiation absorber to be
heated
Ball:
Sheet:
Difference between ball and sheet as a RF radiation absorbers
to be heated
32
Carboxylated graphene oxide
Schematic design of the cellular
protease-mediated graphene-based codelivery system.
a) Main components of TRAIL/DOX-fGO,
consisting of DOX-loaded GO, PEG
linker, and TRAIL-conjugated furincleavable peptide.
b) Site-specific delivery of TRAIL to cell
membrane and DOX to nuclei for
enhanced synergistic cancer treatment.
i: intravenous administration of GO;
ii: accumulation of GO at the tumor site
through passive and active targeting
effects;
iii: TRAIL binding on the death receptor
and degradation of peptide linker by furin
on the cell membrane;
iv: activation of caspase-mediated
apoptosis;
v: induction of cell death;
vi: endocytosis of GO by the tumor cells;
vii: acid-promoted DOX release in
endosome;
viii: accumulation of released DOX into
nucleus;
ix: induction of DNA damage-mediated
apoptosis and cytotoxicity.
Furin-Mediated Sequential Delivery of Anticancer Cytokine and Small-Molecule Drug Shuttled by Graphene
Tianyue Jiang , Wujin Sun , Qiuwen Zhu , Nancy A. Burns , Saad A. Khan , Ran Mo ,* and Zhen Gu *
China Pharmaceutical University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University
Advanced Materials. 2015, 27, 1021–1028, www.advmat.de
33
Project of Microwave Physics Center
in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
1.
Free-electron maser (FEM) as a RF source for future accelerators
2.
From JINR-IAP FEM oscillator to Microwave Physics Center
3.
Research in relativistic RF electronics – new types of FEM
oscillators, amplifiers, RF detectors
4.
Development of new types of accelerating structures
5.
Searching for method of selective cancer cell destruction
6.
May be the graphene?
7.
Old brothers – SCSTR (Novosibirsk) and FIR UF (Fukui, Japan)
34
2003 – first stage,
wavelength 270-90 mkm
2009 – second stage,
Wavelength 80-37 mkm
2015 – third stage,
Wavelength 5-30 mkm
6 July 2015 Institute for nuclear physics put into operation
third stage of infrared FEL
35
The Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region at the University of Fukui (FIR UF, or FIR
Center) is performing research and development in the far-infrared region between radiofrequency
waves and visible light using world class gyrotrons, which were originally developed at the FIR UF.
Objectives of Research and Development in FIR FU
To investigate the unexplored region of EM waves
●Further improvement of our high-power FIR/THz-wave-source gyrotrons
●Development of basic technologies in the FIR region, such as highefficiency
power transmission systems and high-sensitivity detectors
To extend research fields with our FIR/THz gyrotrons
●Application of FIR/THz gyrotrons to fundamental physics, materials
science, life science, the development of materials with new functions,
energy science, and many other fields
To develop novel methods of THz wave generation, detection, and
propagation
●THz optical and spectroscopic research using broadband THz waves
To open a new academic field
●Aiming to open a new and interdisciplinary academic field in FIR/THz
regions associated with fundamental physics, material science, energy
science, life science, etc. using high-power FIR/THz radiation sources
FIR UF Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui
36
Collaborative research projects
1. Analysis of the structure of protein molecules by DNP-NMR spectroscopy
(Collaborations with Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, and NMR Center, University of Warwick (UK))
2. Direct measurement of the hyperfine structure of positronium: a subject in elementary particle physics
(Collaboration with the International Center for Elementary Particle Physics, The University of Tokyo)
3. Study of Semiconductor Nanostructures with THz Waves – THz emission from Semiconductor Nanostructures
(Joint Research with National Institute of Physics, University of Philippines)
4. Study of the possibility of a Bloch oscillator by high-power THz irradiation with high power THz radiation
(Collaboration with Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo)
A HYBRID DUAL−BAEM IRRADIATION FACILITY
FOR A CANCER THERAPY
T. Idehara, S. Sabchevski, S. Ishiyama
Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared
Region,
University of Fukui
Institute of Electronics of the Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
FIR Center Report
FIR FU-113 November 2011
FIR UF Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui
37
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION !
SEE YOU IN OUR MICROWAVE PHYSICS CENTER ?