Transcript Wireless Network - Georgetown University

COSC 393 - Wireless Networks
Bala Kalyanasundaram
Relevant Text (for reference)
• Wireless Communications: Principles & Practice.
Rappaport, Prentice Hall, 1996.
• Wireless and Personal Communications Systems.
Garg and Wilkes, Prentice Hall, 1996.
• Wireless Personal Communications Systems.
Goodman, Addison-Wesley, 1997.
• Bluetooth Revealed. Miller and Bisidikian,
Prentice Hall, 2001.
Outline
• Historical Overview
• What happens when you make a call?
• Developments in US and Europe
Communication
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•
Acoustical
Optical
Mechanical
Electrical
wired
wireless
• Use of light as communication
– heliographs, flags (semaphore), ...
– 150 BC smoke signals for communication;
(Greece)
– 1794, optical telegraph, Claude Chappe
• Electromagnetic Wave:
– 1831-79 Faraday and Maxwell demonstrates
electromagnetic induction and theory of
electromagnetic fields
– H. Hertz (1857-94): demonstrates the wave
character of electrical transmission through space
Attributes of Telecommunication
• Speed
- Ability to transmit in real-time
• Coverage
- Regional, National and International
• Reliability
• Cost
- 1860’s: 20 word telegram $5-$100
• Security
High Tech of
th
19
Century
• 1850 – First submarine line
• 1858 – First transatlantic cable
- breaks after 3 month
• 1866 – Higher quality cable
- London to Bombay in 4 ½ mins.
1924 – Telegram around the world in 80 secs.
• 1896 Guglielmo Marconi
– first demonstration of wireless
telegraphy
– long wave transmission, high
transmission power necessary ( +200kw)
• 1907 Commercial transatlantic connections
– huge ground stations (30 by100m antennas)
• 1915 Wireless voice transmission NY - SF
• 1920 Discovery of short waves (< 100m) by
Marconi
– reflection at the ionosphere
– (cheaper) smaller sender and receiver, possible due to
the invention of the vacuum tube (1906, Lee DeForest
and Robert von Lieben)
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1920 First commercial radio broadcast in Pgh.
1928 many TV broadcast trials
1933 Frequency modulation (E. H. Armstrong)
1935 First telephone call around the world
1958, then 1972 A-Netz and B-Netz in Germany
– analog, 160MHz, connection setup from the fixed network
too (but location of the mobile station has to be known)
• 1974 FCC allocates 40Mhz for Cellular telephony
• 1982 Start of GSM-specification in Europe (Global
System for Mobile communication)
• 1983 Start of the American AMPS
(Advanced
Mobile Phone System, analog)
• 1984 CT-1 standard (Europe) for cordless
telephones
• 1986 C-Netz in Germany
– analog voice, 450MHz, hand-over possible, digital
signaling, automatic location of mobile device
– still in use today (as T-C-Tel), services: FAX, modem,
X.25, e-mail, 98% coverage
• 1991 Specification of DECT
– Digital European Cordless Telephone (today: Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications)
- ~100-500m range, 120 duplex channels, 1.2Mbit/s data
transmission, voice encryption, authentication
• 1992 Start of GSM
– fully digital, 900MHz, 124 channels
– automatic location, hand-over, cellular
– roaming in Europe - now worldwide in more than 100
countries
– services: data with 9.6kbit/s, FAX, voice, ...
• 1994
E-Netz in Germany
– GSM with 1800MHz, smaller cells, supported by 11
countries
• 1996
HiperLAN (High Performance Radio
Local Area Network)
– standardization of type 1: 5.15 - 5.30GHz, 23.5Mbit/s
– recommendations for type 2 and 3 (both 5GHz) and 4
(17GHz) as wireless ATM-networks (up to 155Mbit/s)
• 1997
Wireless LAN - IEEE802.11
– IEEE-Standard, 2.4 - 2.5GHz and infrared, 2Mbit/s
– already many products (with proprietary extensions)
• 1998
Specification of GSM successors
– for UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication
System) as European proposals for IMT-2000
cellular phones
satellites
1991:
CDMA
1982:
Inmarsat-A
1983:
AMPS
1984:
CT1
1987:
CT1+
1988:
Inmarsat-C
1991:
D-AMPS
1989:
CT 2
1992:
Inmarsat-B
Inmarsat-M
1992:
GSM
1993:
PDC
1994:
DCS 1800
1998:
Iridium
analog
digital
wireless
LAN
1980:
CT0
1981:
NMT 450
1986:
NMT 900
cordless
phones
2005?:
UMTS/IMT-2000
199x:
proprietary
1991:
DECT
1995/96/97:
IEEE 802.11,
HIPERLAN
2005?:
MBS, WATM