Transcript The Cell

The Cell
PA State Standards
What is a cell?
• The basic unit of structure and function of
all living things.
• The basic building block of all organisms.
What are organelles?
• Humans have organs
• Cells contain
organelles
• These organelles are
like tiny organs inside
a cell.
• For example: A
nucleus acts like the
brain of the cell.
Nucleus
Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure and
function of living things
• Living cells come only from other living
cells.
Organization of an organism
Cells
stomach cell
Tissues
stomach lining
Organs
stomach
Organ Systems
digestive system
Organism
YOU
The Cell
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane:
The Cell1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Controls the movement of
material into & out
of the cell
3. Selectively Permeable – chooses
what enters and exits the cell
Cell Membrane
• Controls the movement
of materials in to and
out of the cell
• Selectively Permeable
– chooses what goes in
and out of cell
The Cell
Cell Wall:
1. Plant Cells – NOT IN
ANIMALS!!
2. Gives plant cells its shape
3. STRONG to provide Structure
support
Ticket in the door – 5 points
Number your paper from 1 – 5. Answer the questions.
1. Who first discovered cells by looking at cork (last
name)?
2. Does an animal cell have a cell wall? Yes or no
3. Does a plant cell have a cell wall? Yes or no
4. Does an animal cell have a cell membrane? Yes or
no
5. Does a plant cell have a cell membrane? Yes or no
Cytoplasm:
The Cell1. ALL CELLS
2. The ENVIRONMENT of the
cell. All organelles float in it
Nucleus:
The Cell1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Center of the cell
3.
Control Center
of the cell
TWO TYPES OF CELLS
• PROKARYOTES – DOES NOT contain a
NUCLEUS
• EUKARYOTES – DOES CONTAIN A
NUCLEUS
Nuclear Membrane:
The Cell1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Surrounds Nucleus
3. Allows movement in &
out of the nucleus
Chromosomes:
The Cell1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. 23 PAIRS OR 46 TOTAL
3. Stores Genetic
Information
The CellMitochondria:
1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. RESPIRATION occurs
here
3. Makes ENERGY for the cell.
Respiration occurs here (use of
oxygen to break down food partic
for energy)
2 types of Cellular Respiration
• Aerobic Respiration
• Requires Oxygen
• Water and CO2 are waste
products
• Food + Oxygen
CO2 + Water + ATP
2 Types of Cellular Respiration
• Anaerobic Respiration
(Fermentation)
• Does not require Oxygen
(anaerobic)
• Yeast cells used to make
bread
• Creates CO2 (makes bread
rise) , alcohol (for beer,
wine, champagne)
The Cell
Vacuoles:
1. Mostly Plant
2. Floating in the
cytoplasm
3.
FOOD, WATER, and waste
are STORED here
Ribosomes:
The Cell1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Found in the
cytoplasm & on E.R.
3. Proteins are made here
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(E.R.):
The Cell
1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Found throughout
the cytoplasm
3. Transports materials
in the cell (TRANSPORTATIO
SYSTEM
Golgi bodies:
The Cell
1. Animal & Plant Cells
2. Floating in Cytoplasm
3. Package cell materials
The CellLysosomes:
1. Mostly Animal
2. Floating in the
cytoplasm
3.
RECYCLE old or dead
cell parts
Chloroplast:
The Cell
1. Plant Cells
2. Floating in Cytoplasm
3. Makes food for cell
(Photosynthesis – captures
ENERGY IN SUNLIGHT)
4. Contains CHLOROPHYLL
Major differences between a
plant and animal cell
• Plant cells have a cell wall –
animal cells do not.
• Plant cells have chloroplasts –
animal cells do not
• Plant cells have a large vacuole
– animal cells do not
Cellular Energy
• Photosynthesis
• Process where plants use
light for food
• Step 1: Energy in the form
of sunlight is captured by
the chlorophyll in the
chloroplast
• Step 2: Energy captured
is changed into food for
plant
Photosynthesis
• Sunlight + CO2 +
Water
Glucose (food) + O2
REMEMBER – PLANTS
STILL COMPLETE
RESPIRATION!
Review:
•
•
1
Is this a plant or
animal cell?
2
Label the numbers
3
4
5
6
10
7
9
8
The Cell
1
2
3
4
5
Nucleolus
10
9
Cytoplasm
6
7
8
Cell transport - Diffusion
• Diffusion
– the process by which
molecules spread from
areas of high
concentration, to areas
of low concentration
– Does not require Energy
• Equilibrium
– when the molecules are
even throughout a space
Osmosis
• Osmosis
• 80 % of cells is water
– the diffusion of water (across
a membrane)
– Water will move in the
direction where there is a
high concentration of solute
(and hence a lower
concentration of water)
– Does not require Energy
Active Transport
• Requires Energy (ATP) to
carry an object into the cell.
• Carry molecules from low
conc. to high conc.
• Uses Carrier Proteins act
like doors to get the object
into the cell.
• Used to carry minerals into
cell (Na, K, Ca)
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Endo = In
Exo = Out
Mitosis
• In order for an
organism to grow,
the cells must
divide.
• Each new cell is
called a daughter
cell.