Transcript الشريحة 1

Name : adan mamon jabarah
Class : 6 “alkarama”
School : iben sena “a”
Subject : the glass art
The Contents
The Introduction
The Conclusion
The Boxing
The Sources
The glass art
End the presentation
The Introduction
Dear reader meets in this research with information on
the art of glass, although it was difficult to find
information on this subject, but I decided with
determination and resolve that brought on the basis
of this research, as requested by me and my teacher
for this short overview on the art of glass:
Glass was used since ancient times (3000 BC. M)
has been used in many areas (glass cups / mirrors /
work in research laboratories in chemistry, biology,
physics and other fields, flasks and test tubes and
lenses, laboratory equipment are often of glass)
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The Boxing
Dedicate this research to all members of my
family and to all students Dedicate and to
my friends dear and respected Dedicate
teachers, especially to the distinguished
professor of sound and I want to end
Dedicate to every person who wants to
identify the art of glass
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The glass art
Definition of glass
The glass industry
The history of glass
Types of glass
Vehicle glass
The pictures
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Definition of glass
Article no color mainly manufactured from molten silica at high
temperatures with boric acid or phosphate. And glass, as found in
nature is also found in volcanic material called volcanic glass, or
materials that arise from the meteoroid. The glass is not solid, liquid,
but rather in a particular case show Dzeiath random, but so that
there is enough cohesion to make the Union, including
chemotherapy. When the glass is cooled to the solid condition, but
without shape, and with exposure to heat to the glass becomes
liquid. The glass is usually transparent, but may not be transparent
or semi-transparent, too, varies depending on the color components.
And the molten glass, such as plastics can be formed using several
techniques. It is possible to cut glass when it is cold. At low
temperatures the glass is fragile and broken. Such natural materials
of volcanic glass and Alticti components and characteristics similar
.to the glass industry
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The history of glass
Date back to the glass industry in 2000 BC. Since then, a glass for
many of the daily human life. Was used in the manufacture of useful
and timely materials and decorative materials, including the
ornamental jewelry. It also has had an industrial and architectural
applications. It was the oldest material on the glass beads, where
the words are not hollow a real-time so in 1500 BC.
The Asian manufacturers are the first of the established glass
industry, including the industry moved to Egypt, where the first
glassware due to the rule of Tuthmosis III (1504-1450 BC). The
glass industry continued to flourish in Egypt until about 1200 BC and
then virtually ceased for several centuries. In the ninth century BC,
there have been both Syria and Iraq, as for the manufacture of
glass, the industry spread across the Mediterranean region. In the
Greek era, Egypt played a key role in providing the luxurious royal
palaces, where the glass was manufactured in Alexandria.
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Vehicle glass
There are elements and chemical compounds necessary balance in the
process of manufacture of glass and forms known as types of
employment, including:
1-lime: Kmahlol water used for the manufacture of glass. And use of
calcium and dolomite lime in large quantities with sand and sodium
carbonate and light bulbs.
2-lead oxide: is one of the key components of the types of glass Zrani,
which is characterized by a factor of refraction is high, and usually
include a large proportion of potash (glass gives brighter and brighter
and at the same time, resistant to heat and electricity).
3-Boric oxide: to reduce the degree of silica or her spouse without
further extend warming, and with the addition of a small amount of
aluminum oxide to maintain the transparency of glass, and make it
more resistant to heat (Albaerks), and is used in the manufacture of
bakery tools and laboratory equipment and industrial pipes for their
ability to resist sudden changes in temperature and bear the effects of
chemicals.
4-aluminum oxide and lime: used this mixture in a large glass with
(10%) of boric oxide and alkali few fiberglass industry
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The glass industry
Industry is going through four stages:
1-smelting: the raw materials may be attended in the form of powder or granules and mixed
with each other at rates of certain weight and then into the oven for Examples of such ovens:
A - Oven Alajafnp: The capacity of 2 tons of raw materials used for the production of certain
types of glass such as optical glass and decorations.
And make the clay oven, or platinum, but the clay had been part of it melts during the melting
glass and the other hand, platinum is more expensive.
B - Oven basin: the basin is made of brick and firewall accommodates 1500 tons of raw
materials.
2-composition: molten glass to cool slowly until it reaches the stage of the required
composition class, the composition of one of two ways:
A - blowing and configuration manual: is molten in the template is blowing, either oral or
Mounfaj.
B - blowing machine or composition: where the process of pouring molten and blowing
machine.
It must be the process of restructuring in a very short time, with a glass during the paste to a
solid.
3-polite or cooling: the process of slowly cooling glass to avoid Thqgah and Teixrh and avoid
the areas of weakness in the glass after its formation tools, and this operation is carried out
to develop tools in the glass furnace cooling temperature ranging between 400-600 m for a
sufficient period of time and then gradually cooled to the extent normal temperature and a
furnace cooling metal Akecat 15-75 meters long and was introduced from 1 to 5 meters and an
electric oven or heated liquid fuel.
4-Termination: In this stage the glass clean and refine the tools and parts and classified
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Types of glass
1-Alberks: When heated to resist the heat is broken due to the extended
due to the small plants it contains a high percentage of boron oxide
2 - silica glass harsh 96: the advantage of small thermal expansion
coefficient and a high degree of melting.
3-glass trays: contains a large proportion of lead oxide and relentless
heating devices used in optical and jewelry industries.
4-Fiberglass: is a yarn or fiber glass industry and is passed molten
glass on the platinum heated electrically continuous
5-non-transparent glass Haze: manufactured by adding material (the
specifics of the situation colloidal) to the molten glass in the
remaining minutes of the outstanding cooling glass and make it foggy
According to the classification of glass use:
1-glass construction, such as windows, doors and vehicles.
2-real-time, such as glass and glass bottles of medicine.
3-Glass optics such as lenses and microscopes and telescopes.
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The picture
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The Conclusion
I hope that it has received from the research
you liked and I learned a lot from this
research on the history of art glass such
as glass, vehicle glass and glass industry,
and the types of glass and many…
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The Sources
www.syriabuild.com
www.wikipedia.org
Technology, art glass book - by Dr. Zeinhom
Mohamed
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Preparation of student :
Adan mamon jabarah
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