Transcript Scaling the Core of the Internet

Scaling the Internet
Core
William B. Norton
Co-founder and Chief Technical Liaison
Equinix, Inc.
[email protected]
www.equinix.com
Perspective
• Practical: Application of technology
• Neutral Internet Exchanges
• Environment for Exploitation of Optical Efficiencies
• ISP Peering and Transit
• Massive Scaling of Content
• Environment for launching Next Generation Services
Service Provider Scalability
Position: The current service provider interconnection
model does not scale well
Service providers need solutions that provide:
• Control over bandwidth provisioning
• Choice of providers
• Efficient scaling
NSFNET to Post-NSFNET Era Internet
NWNet
NSFNET (1987-1994) Regional
Tech Meetings
• Performance &
Operations
• Reporting & Coordination
• Routing & Network
Planning
Privatization (1994-Now) North
American Network Operators
Group
(NANOG) Meetings
Merit
OarNet
NyserNet
NEARNet
BARRNet
NSFNET
Regional
SDSC
Regional
Sesqui
NCAR
OarNet
NWNet
Regional
Merit
ANS
NyserNet
UUNet
Sprint
MCI
AT&T
Regional
No Internet presentation complete without…
Regional
Regional
Regional
Internet Statistics
• 87.5% of all Internet statistics are made up
Made Up
Real
Source: I made it up
Evolution of Interconnection Strategies
• Carrier Internet Exchanges
• Technologies: ATM, distributed (and colo)
• Network Access Points (NAPs)
• Technologies: FDDI (with colo)
• Congestion issues
• Direct (point-to-point) interconnections
• Technologies: N x OC-3, N x OC-12
OC-3=155Mbps, OC-12=622Mbps
OC-48=2.5Gbps, OC-192=10Gbps
OC-768=40Gbps
Direct Circuit ISP Interconnection Strategy
Point-to-Point Circuits
• Regional interconnects
• Now: N x OC-12
• Insufficient carrier
bandwidth
• Carriers can’t provision
fast enough
• No traffic aggregation
efficiency
Doesn’t scale well
S
S
S
S
U
U
U
U
G
G
G
G
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
Current Problems at the “Core”
• Time to provision services (9-18 months)
• Carrier
• ISPs
• Content (ASP, E*Com, hosting, etc.)
• Scaling at the Core
• Interconnection bandwidth (OC-12->OC-48->OC192)
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•
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•
•
Transport (try and order an OC-12!)
ISP Peering (exponential growth in users/traffic)
ISP Transit (demand exceeds supply, choice)
Content Peering (unicast streaming, content generation)
Edge (DSL – AOL+)
Tools for Service Provider Scalability
• Application of Technology
• Dark Fiber Providers
• Control over provisioning of
capacity
• WDM/DWDM
• Huge capacity into exchange
• Enabled Bandwidth
• Aggregation Efficiency
• Half filled pipes
• Collocated Content Providers
• Environment to exploit optical
efficiencies
Neutral
Internet
Business
Exchange
S
S
S
S
U
U
U
U
CP
CP
G
G
G
G
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
WDM=Wave Division Multiplexing,
DWDM=Dense Wave Division Multiplexing
CP
Scaling of Interconnection Methods
$400,000
$350,000
$300,000
$250,000
$200,000
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
$-
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Monthly Cost of Interconnection
Cost Comparison of Interconnection Strategies
# of participants
• Traffic (Content, Peering, Transit) Exchange at OC-3
Future of the Internet Exchange Environment
DSL Access Providers
Wireless Access Svc
Dial-in Modem
Operators
USENET Svcs Virtual
Email Svcs
ISP
WebHost Svcs
Search
Engines Cache/Content
Distribution
Sparing
Service Providers
Internet
Service
Provider
Internet
Service
Provider
Internet
Internet
Service
Service
Provider
Provider
Carrier
Carrier
Carrier
Carrier
Carrier
Carriers
MarketPlace: Stratification of component operations, fast creation &
provisioning of next generation packaged operations services
Scaling Benefits of Neutral Co-location of
Content and ISP Backbones
• Control
• Time to provision interconnect : 24 hours
• Scalability
• Bandwidth scalability into the exchange
• Bandwidth scalability within the exchange
• Choice
• Ease of multi-homing
• Open marketplace to buy/sell evolving services
• Stratification of the Internet service space
• Robust Interconnection Environment
Summary
Application of existing technology can scale the core
Service provider tools include:
• Dark fiber service providers; WDM into
• Robust neutral exchange environment
• Fiber cross-connects within exchange
• Co-located content and multiple ISPs
• Leads to: Control, choice, scalability at the core