Transcript Hawaii Ocean Observing System

Water Quality/Biogeochemistry
and Nearshore Sensors
Eric H. De Carlo
Margaret A. McManus
Geno Pawlak
Grieg Steward
Objectives of WQ/Sensor Component
• To develop and implement integrated real-time
nearshore water property (quality) monitoring systems
• To provide government agencies and the public with
timely WQ information for decision making wrt health
and safety in the nearshore aquatic environment
• To provide researchers with high-quality time-series
data that will enhance understanding of the response of
the coastal ocean to natural and anthropogenic forcing
The economic well-being of the State of Hawaii depends
upon healthy coastal ecosystems
• Public confidence in water quality and safety is crucial
• Many current monitoring approaches are labor intensive and slow
• An integrated coastal sensor/ocean observing system will:
• Boost public confidence by emphasizing the usual high quality of Hawaii’s waters
• Contribute to public safety by providing early warning of water quality problems
and forecasting areas likely to be affected
Vibrio vulnificus
Automated ocean observing platforms exist
CRIMP - Kaneohe Bay
Kilo Nalu - Kakaako
Floodwaters in Ala Wai Canal
Manual monitoring for
pathogens is slow
Principal HIOOS WQ Assets
• Two buoys (Offshore Kaka`ako and Magic Island/Ala Wai)
– Seabird sensor packages for salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and
chlorophyll-a at 20 min frequency (deployed in first year)
– Nitrate sensors (to be deployed in second year)
– Satlantic telemetry by cell phone to UH system
– CO2 /O2 measuring system (3 hr intervals with Iridium telemetry to NOAA/PMEL)
• Four “nearshore sensor” (NS) stations:
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Seabird sensor packages as above (less oxygen)
Cell phone telemetry
Two systems implemented in year 1 in Ala Wai channel
Two systems implemented in year 2: Locations to be determined
Complemented by ADCP (from industry partnership)
• REMUS AUV surveys:
– Event driven surveys
• Automated Water sampler (to be deployed in year 2):
– Collects water samples upon “triggering” by sensors or remote access
– Provide samples for laboratory based analyses (e.g., bio, microbes)
– Samples backed by sensor data at time of collection
Buoy and Sensor Locations
Buoys and Sensors
• SBE 16+ SEACAT® C-T
(salinity, temperature)
• SBE-43 (Dissolved
Oxygen)
• FLNTU (turbidity,
fluorescence)
• Space for sensor
development
• Telemetry (cellular)
AUV Water Quality Surveys
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV): REMUS
• Conductivity (salinity), temperature, flow velocity, fluorescence (Chl-a),
2 freq. optical backscatter, acoustic backscatter, bathymetry, bed
morphology (sidescan sonar)
• 8 hour surveys (5 kts): 70 km
• 20 hour surveys (3 kts): >100 km
AUV Water Quality Surveys
• Event based surveys:
(3 per year)
Provide distributions, spatial
gradients in water properties duringafter “events” (identified by sensor
network ‘flag’ or by users)
• Regular surveys:
Bimonthly (6 per year)
Spatial data on baseline water
properties; provide spatial ‘context’
for nearshore/offshore sensor
network, water sampling programs
WQ Products
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Time series water quality data:
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Salinity, Temperature, DO, Chl-a, Turbidity, Nitrate
Data from two CRIMP-CO2 type buoys and two/four nearshore moorings
Use of WQ data to identify ‘events’ that trigger AUV surveys and other sampling
efforts.
Near real time plots of WQ parameters on web
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Updated plots of raw sensor data (20 minute intervals)
Bi-Monthly plots of quality controlled data for the preceding period
E-mail or telephone alerts to State/C&C Agencies
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Sudden large changes in salinity, turbidity or nitrate at buoys and other sensors
Maps of WQ parameters from REMUS surveys
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Processed data set including gridded 2D and f(x,y,z,t) observations of temp, sal,
optical backscatter, fluorescence, velocity and acoustic backscatter for events
(10-12/year)
Other Existing Nearshore Observing
Systems
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Kilo Nalu Nearshore Reef Observatory
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Key component of HIOOS near Kewalo Basin
Cabled seafloor array with real-time data transmission to shore
Funded by various federal programs for basic physical
oceanographic and biogeochemical research
CRIMP CO2 in Kaneohe Bay
Collaborative project with NOAA/PMEL, first buoy of federal
coastal CO2 monitoring network
Interdisciplinary research platform for sensor development
Locally funded by NOAA/Sea Grant College Program
Kilo Nalu Nearshore Reef Observatory
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www.soest.hawaii.edu/OE/KiloNalu
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Waves
Directional wave spectra
Wave characteristics
Currents vs depth (10m, 20m)
Water properties
2118'
Temperature vs depth (10m, 20m)
Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity
and fluorescence (Chl-a) (10m)
Acoustic backscatter (10m, 20m)
Moored profiler (20m: T, S, DO, Chl)
2117'
Surface water quality buoy (at 10m site)
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Bathymetry in meters
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• Meteorological (JABSOM roof):
Wind, air temp, rel. hum., rainfall, irradiance
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Fall / Winter 2008:
Temperature vs depth to 100m
Spatial currents (2 ADCPs along 20m isobaths
Ocean Observatory Technology/Applications:
Kilo Nalu Observatory
A window into the Hawaiian coastal ocean environment…
Technological Development/R&D
Ocean technology test bed
Instrumentation
AUV/ROV applications
Passive acoustics
Ocean Observation/Prediction System:
Real-time observations, validation
 waves/currents/water chemistry
 Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
(AUV) surveys
 Adaptive sampling
Education, Outreach
Graduate, undergraduate education
synergy with Bishop Museum
Funding: NSF CoOP, NSF OCE, ONR, UH Sea Grant
Kilo Nalu: Real-time Wave/Current Data
Waves (via ADCP at 10m, 20m, 20 min avg)
Directional wave spectra, wave characteristics
Currents vs depth (10m, 20m, 20 min avg)
Stratification
Temperature vs depth (10m, 20m),
Salinity (10m)
CRIMP CO2
• First buoy of the NOAA/PMEL coastal CO2 program
• First high temporal resolution time-series study for a tropical coastal embayment.
• >24 months of buoy data and synoptic water column data throughout K-bay
• Kaneohe Bay is a sink of CO2 during storms but remains a source to the
atmosphere over annual scales
• Local research important in greenhouse gas budgets and ocean acidification
(collaborations with F. Mackenzie, R. Feely, C. Sabine, W. Grossmann, etc.)
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/coastal/kbay/157w_all.htm
Kaneohe Bay CRIMP CO2
• Multiparameter sondes
(Conductivity/Salinity, T, pH, DO,
Chl-a, Turb) at 10 minute frequency
• CO2, O2 sensors, CTD
every 3 hours
• Climate from NWS, CI
• Data telemetry by Iridium to
PMEL (daily plot updates on NOAA
website)
• Synoptic profiles (Chl-a, Cond/Sal,
DO, pH, Turbidity at multiple sites)
• Water samples for lab analyses
Other (Currently Unfunded) Components of
Potential Interest
Hyperspectral imaging of coastal zone
Thermal infrared imaging (to evaluate extent of submarine
groundwater and other freshwater discharges)
ADCP (current meters to be co-located with buoys and
nearshore sensors and provide detailed coastal currents)
Flat panel interactive displays in public locations (e.g.,
yacht clubs, Waikiki Aquarium, hotels, paddling clubs, etc.)
Hyperspectral Imaging
of the Coastal Ocean
Mapping coastal run-off
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Wavelength (microns)
Reef Health
& Ecology
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HIOOS Water Quality Network
• Strengths
– near-real time
– complements existing
agency monitoring
– covers most popular
beaches on O‘ahu
– capable of detecting
plumes (effluent, runoff,
spills)
– data will be readily
accessible
– Mostly Federally funded
• Weaknesses
– cellular system vulnerable
(e.g., 2006 earthquake)
– may not differentiate
between certain effluents,
runoff, and spills
– cost currently precludes
equipping buoys and NS
arrays identically and fully
Value of Ocean Observing to Hawaii and
Science
Time-series data useful to Local/State/Federal agencies
Development/testing site for new geochemical sensors
Series of complementary observatories provide broad range of data
Local but globally relevant data regarding direction and flux of greenhouse
gases and ocean acidification
Training of technical workforce in ocean technology and outreach…
Mahalo for your attention
QUESTIONS?
Some Issues…
Stakeholders
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Hawaii State Dept. of Health (CWB)
C&C Honolulu, Dept. of Env. Services
Waikiki Hotel Association
Wastewater Treatment Plants
501-c-3 organizations interested in water quality
Researchers interested in land-coastal interactions
Environmental firms working in coastal waters
K-12 schools (science programs)