Transcript Teaching and Testing CFIT Avoidance

Teaching and
Testing CFIT
Avoidance
2012/5/21-009 (E)
The Objectives
• What is “CFIT”?
• What Flight Environments are
Most Common?
• How Do We Train/Test to
Avoid?
A Classic CFIT?
Pilot Certification
Aircraft Type
Phase of Flight
Six Basic Causes
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Loss of Situational Awareness
Cockpit Distractions
Complacency
Lack of Technical or Operational
Experience
• Lack of Adequate Preparation
• Confusion
Human Factors
“We need to educate pilots that
violations during conditions
conducive to CFIT risk are major
contributors to death!”
“Controlled” ?
Terrain Not seen,
or
Performance Not Available
Terrain Not Seen?
Terrain Not Seen?
What Are Some Environmental
Factors That Would Make Terrain
“Unseen”?
What about:
Night; Visibility; Obscurations;
Others?
What Factors Other Than
Environmental Could Make Terrain
“Unseen”?
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Spatial Disorientation
Loss of situational awareness
Reduced reaction time to see & avoid
Optical illusions
Getting lost or off flight planned route
Head down in the cockpit
Scud running
Distractions
What Factors Exist When Flying IFR /
IMC?
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Currency / Proficiency
Current charts / plates / GPS database
Knowing when to say “Unable”
Knowing how & when to use equipment
Following MAP procedures
Knowing MSA & OROCAs
Improperly set altimeter
Unstable approach
Complacency
Equipment
How Do We Train/Test For
CFIT Avoidance When
Terrain is “Unseen”?
Weather
Channel
Weather
Channel
ADDS
Winds,
Temps TAFs
@ 72 Hrs 24 Hrs
METAR
1 Hr
Past
Prog 48 - 72 Hrs
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What Are Some Environmental
Factors That Would Make
Performance Unavailable?
What About:
Density Altitude; Horsepower;
Ice; Mountain Wave;
Ridge Lee Side Sink
What Factors other than
Environmental Would Make
Performance Unavailable?
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Mechanical
Lack of Pilot Skills
Failure to fly within Operating Limitations
Distraction / diversion of attention
Buzzing
How Do We Train/Test For
CFIT Avoidance When
Performance Not Available?
Consider: An Easy 2 Hr Flt From
Chinle (E91) to Henderson
(HND) Las Vegas
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Diverted to Winslow
Then Throw in Weather
MST
Event
1400
Departed Chinle, AZ (E91), Monday, Dec 18
1445
Enroute Between Layers; Diverts to Winslow
(INW)
~1515
Lands @ INW; Decides To RON; Spouse to
Drive out (~5 Hrs)
~1615
Pilot Decides to Go South Around Wx
~1645
Returned to INW & Preflighted
1715
Departed INW
1724
Sunset; Twilight Ends 1754
~1830
Crash; 1+15 In The Air; 20 min Straight Line
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Then Plan B - Also 2 Hr - And
Throw In Night VFR into IMC
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A Timeline to Disaster
MST
Event
1400
Departed Chinle, AZ (E91)
1445
Enroute Between Layers; Diverts to Winslow
(INW)
~1515
Lands @ INW; Decides To RON; Spouse to
Drive out (~5 Hrs)
~1615
Pilot Decides to Go South Around Wx
~1645
Returned to INW & Preflighted
1715
Departed INW
1724
Sunset; Twilight Ends 1754
~1830
Crash; 1+15 In The Air; 20 min Straight Line
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Discuss This CFIT Accident:
In What Ways is It Common to
Other CFITs?
In What Ways is It Unique?
Total Risk Increases as
Square of Factors Involved
Mountains = risk level 1
Mountains + Weather = risk level 4
Mountains + WX + Night = risk level 9
Mountains + WX + Night + External
Pressure = risk level 16
Mts. + WX + Night + EP + Unfamiliar route
= Risk Level 25
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How Do YOU Train/Test to Avoid
CFIT?
PreFlight Preparation especially WX
Terrain to Be Overflown
Mountain Area Wind Effects
Other?
Summary:
CFIT Comes in Two Main
Categories:
1. Can’t See to Avoid
2. Can’t Perform to Avoid
Pilot Discipline CAN Help to
Avoid CFIT Accidents!
WWW.SAFEPILOTS.ORG
WWW.FAASAFETY.GOV
Written by: Bill Castlen, Hobie Tomlinson,
Doug Stewart
Thanks to:
Gold Seal Flight
WWW.GOLDSEALFLIGHT.COM