Transcript Fetal Alcohol Syndrome / Effect (FAS/E)

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome / Effect
(FAS/E)
Presentation For:
TLSE 240
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Defined
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is the
name given to a group of physical
and mental birth defects that are
the direct result of women drinking
alcohol during pregnancy or during
lactation.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome definition
continued…
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a series
of mental and physical birth defects
that can include
– Mental retardation
– Growth deficiencies
– Central nervous system
disorders
– Craniofacial abnormalities
– Behavioral maladjustments
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome definition
continued…
• Fetal Alcohol Effect is a
less severe set of the same
symptoms
Introduction
•
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Effect
According to The Journal of the
American Medical Association
FAS is the leading known cause of
mental retardation.
Introduction continued..
FAS is the only
100%
Preventable
birth defect
Introduction continued…
• It is important you recognize:
The absence of the FAS
symptoms does not rule out
neurological developmental
damage.
Introduction continued…
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Prevalence
Socioeconomic factors
Diagnosis
Physical characteristics
Cognitive characteristics
Social and emotional characteristics
Restatement of CAUSE
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
The Exposure to
alcohol in utero
(prenatal
exposure) or
through breast
milk
PREVALANCE
• Estimates are 5000 Infants born
each year with FAS
• Represents about 1 in every 750
live births
• Found in all races and socioeconomic groups, however there is
a new study showing a disturbing
trend
Socioeconomic factors & FAS/E
Upper Middle Socioeconomic Class
Alcoholic Mothers
• Incidence of FAS offspring 4.5 %
• Mean weight, length, and head
circumference 1 standard deviation below
the mean
• Attention deficit disorder diagnosed in
21%
Socioeconomic factors & FAS/E
Continued..
Lower Socioeconomic Class Alcoholic
Mothers
• Incidence of FAS offspring 70.9 %
• Mean weight, length and head
circumference 2 standard deviations
below the mean
• Attention deficit disorder diagnosed in
71%
DIAGNOSIS
• Identification of at-risk infants
– Microcephaly
– Known heavy episodic drinking
(more than 5 drinks per occasion)
DIAGNOSIS
Continued..
• Cumulative risk index ( Most effective)
• Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral
Assessment Scale
• Bayley Scales of Infant Development
– Auditory & Visual Stimuli
– Motor performance
– Reflex behavior
– Autonomic regulation
• Typically diagnosed later in childhood
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
_ High threshold for pain- student may be
unaware of serious injury or infection
_ No perception of hunger or satiation
_ Difficulty perceiving extreme
temperatures
_ Difficulty with visual / spatial perception
and balance
PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS Continued...
• Deformities
• Possible lower height, weight, and head
circumference compared with national
norms
• Medical Complications
• Difficulty sleeping
COGNITIVE
CHARACTERISTICS
_ IQ Ranges
– 29 to 142
– Indicator of severity
COGNITIVE
CHARACTERISTICS Continued..
_ Associated Conditions
– Learning disabilities
– ADHD
– Difficulty with sequencing
– Difficulty with memory
– Difficulty understanding cause/effect
relationships
– Weak generalizing skills
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
CHARACTERISTICS
• Stealing, lying, and defiance
• Difficulty predicting or understanding
consequences of behavior
• Easily manipulated and led by others
• Innocent, immature, and easily
victimized
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL
CHARACTERISTICS Continued...
• Difficulty making and keeping friends
• Overly friendly and affectionate
• Stubborn
Secondary Affects
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Mental health problems
Disruptive schooling
Legal problems
Confinement
Inappropriate sexual
behavior
• Dependent living
• Employment problems
Secondary Affects continued…
Some of these affects are the
result of professionals
incorrectly identifying
behavior and not responding
to the needs of these
individuals.
Suggested Accommodations
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KISS Keep It Short and Simple
Establish predictable routines
Color code to increase organization
Keep rules simple and parallel
Use verbal cues such as mnemonics or
songs to remind students what is next
• Vary teaching techniques
• Use many visuals to aid in understanding
Specific Accommodations
• Provide a hard copy or audio tape of
important information
• Avoid why questions and essays
• Give instructions one step at a time
and have the student repeat them
back in their own words to check for
understanding
Accommodations
continued..
• Use rhythms to focus attention: hand
clapping
• Establish a peer tutor system
• Do not use euphemisms, sarcasm, or
figures of speech
Discipline Suggestions
Offered by the National Organization for
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (NOFAS)
• Review and repeat consequences
often
• Offer interesting rewards
• Set limits and be consistent
Discipline Suggestions continued...
• Avoid threats
• Use Positive praise
• Have pre-established
consequences for behavior
PREVENTION
• Clinical Assessment
– Training of doctors and clinicians
– Alcohol consumption screening of pregnant
women in prenatal clinics
• Community Outreach
– Screening of suspected children
– Focus on high risk populations
• Epistemilogic knowledge to attack
alcohol-related birth defects