Transcript Minimum parking requirements

Minimum Parking Requirements
and Porirua City
‘How to ruin social conversations,
sprawl cities and induce driving’.
Porirua City: ‘Before’
Porirua City: ‘After’
General usage of the parking resource
Parking type
% of total stock
Mean usage
midweek
Mean usage
weekend
Publically owned
35%
~ 72%
~35%
Onsite business
parking
65%
~ 45%
~35%
1. The resource has shifted from public to dispersed private
ownership, reducing ability to manage and creating potential
conflicts.
2. The resource is under utilised across time and therefore
inefficiently allocated.
Weekly peak usage of the resource
Parking type
Onsite business
parking
Number of lots that
were ‘technically full’
at peak
3 out of 22
Average occupancy
at peak
Average ‘long stay’
occupancy of sites
~ 60%
~ 12%
1. Even at peak the resource (on the whole) is inefficiently
allocated
2. Long stay users can ‘hide’ on sites and use up a large amount
of capacity
Some reasons that minimums
are not helpful in city centres
1. GFA and parking demand are not good
bedfellows
Discourages walking
Development
type
Peak occupancy at Available parking
development
within 200m (during
peak) as percentage of
total development
supply
Available ‘public
parking’ within 200m
as percentage of total
development supply
Bulk retail
68%
50%
11%
Recreation
centre
71%
100%
27%
Small retail
81%
100%
33%
Covered mall
79%
50%
25%
Why walk/bike/PT when it is so cheap
Trip type
Mean
Average
Length of
Cost recovery Cost recovery
distance
variable cost
parking stay
price of
parking price
round trip
of trip
parking for
as a
(Wellington
($0.221/km)
parking
percentage of
duration
trip cost
(range)
(range)
region)
Shopping trip
13 km
$2.90
2 hrs
$1.00 - $2.60
34% –90%
Commute trip
25 km
$5.50
7 hrs
$3.50 – $9.10
64% - 165%
If long stay parking was priced how would
this influence travel behaviour
PARKING
$3
$6
PRICE
WALK
TIME
5
10
15
5
10
15
23%
47%
57%
6%
13%
17%
71%
34%
16%
86%
51%
27%
6%
20%
27%
8%
35%
56%
(minutes)
Park in the
CBD and
pay parking
price
Park outside
the CBD
and walk
Change
Mode
The distance people are willing to walk for a free
park
demand elasticity for parking price and
walking distance
Direct elasticity effect
Mean
Standard deviation
Price
-0.5721
0.8171
Walk time
-0.9472
0.6976
1. People are more sensitive to walking than to price
2. If parking was charged at cost recovery a portion of the
resource would be freed up for other uses.
•International literature suggests figures from -0.1 to -0.9
•Booz and Hamilton suggest sliding scale relative to hours parked
with 7+ hours up to -0.9
The trade offs of free and convenient
parking
• Opportunity cost to development. 90% supplied
under standard
– Little empirical evidence that ample free parking is
correlated with business vitality
– Land is now scare
• Incompatible with multi-modalism and compact
development
• Visual impact “ The more parking the less place
the less parking the more place” Jane Holtz Kay