Transcript Reproduction - Effingham County Schools

Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
– Asexual Reproduction- Process by which a
SINGLE organism produces offspring that have
the same genetic material.
– Binary Fission- asexual reproduction that
occurs in single celled organisms in which
genetic material is copied and one cell divides
into two identical daughter cells. EX: Bacteria
reproduce this way, and Yeast
Asexual Reproduction
• Binary Fission
• Budding- an organism grows a part of of
its main body and this new growth
eventually breaks off to become a new
organism. Ex: Hydra (simple animal
similar to jelly fish)
Asexual Reproduction
• Binary Fission
• Budding
• Fragmentation- Fragmentation is a form of
asexual reproduction where a new organism
grows from a fragment of the parent. Each
fragment develops into a mature, fully
grown individual. Ex: Starfish, and some
fungi.
Fruiting
body
Mycelium
What are three types of Asexual
reproduction?
Sexual Reproduction
• Sexual Reproduction- Type of
reproduction in which male and female
reproductive cells combine to form new
offspring with genetic material from both
parents.
***Offspring has genetic material from each parent
which creates- Offspring is NOT identical to
parent!
- Mating type (N)
+ Mating type (N)
Advantages of Sexual and
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual
Don’t have to find a mate
Faster
Able to produce more offspring
(larger populations)
Sexual
Genetic Variation
Disadvantages of Sexual and
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual
No genetic variation!
Sexual
Must find a mate
Takes longer
Reproduce less often
(smaller populations)
Cell Division
Ever think about how things
grow?
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How do your fingernails grow?
How does your hair grow longer?
How does a flower get taller?
How does the mycelium of a fungus reach
farther?
Where does this new material come from?
Cell Division
• Cell division is a process by which a cell
divides into two or more cells, called
daughter cells.
• Your body is constantly making new cells
to replace old ones!
Cell Division
A. Mitosis- Division of the nucleus in eukaryotic
cells in which each cell receives a copy of the
original chromosomes.
–
–
Chromosome- organized structure of DNA and
protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell
division
Homologous chromosomes- chromosomes with
matching information.
The result is two
identical daughter cells
with the same number
of chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes
• Cells must copy the genetic information in the
nucleus before it divides into two nuclei.
• Therefore you have homologous chromosomes!
(two chromosomes with matching information.)
Remember:
DNA is found
in the nucleus.
It is organized
into a
chromosome
before it is
copied.
Mitosis
The result is two
identical daughter cells
with the same number
of chromosomes
Plants grow from the tips out by
constantly making new cells!
Meiosis is the division of the nucleus in
eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives half
a set of genetic information.
Meiosis results in the production of egg or
sperm cells.
Meiosis is the production of
sex cells.
Meiosis reduces the amount of
chromosomes in half
Half the number of
chromosomes = haploid cells
or sex cells
The result of meiosis is 4
haploid cells or sex cells
Male sex cells = sperm
Female sex cells = egg
Cell Division