Transcript geo-x-5 - WordPress.com

WHAT ARE MINERAL
RESOURCES
A MINERAL IS A NATURALY
OCCURING SUBSTANCE FOUND
IN THE EARTH’S CRUST.MINERALS
HAVE DISTINT PHYSICAL
POROPETIES SUCH AS COLOR
AND HARDNESS AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES SUCH AS SOLUBILITY
 THERE ARE 3000 MINERALS IN THE EARTH
 90% OF EARTH MINERALS ARE MADE UP OF JUST
10 MINERALS
 COMMON MINERALS-SILICATES ,ALUMINIUM,
IRON, SODIUM ,POTTASIUM, CALCIUM,
MAGNESIUM.
 THEY ARE FOUND IN PURE STATE IN ORES
WHICH ARE ROCKS CONTAINING MINERALS
 ORES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO LOW AND HIGH
GRADE ORES
(CONTINUED IN NEXT SLIDE)
 HIGH GRADE ORES CONTAINS HIGH MINERAL
CONTENT AND LESS OF IMPURITIES
 LOW GRADE ORES CONTAINS LOW MINERAL
CONTENT AND MORE OF IMPURITIES
TYPES OF MINERALS ON
COMPOSITION
METALLIC MINERALS
NON METTALIC MINERALS
TYPES OF NON METALLIC
MINERALS
ORGONIC
IN ORGONIC
EXTRACTION OF MINERALS
 OPEN CAST MINING
 SHAFT MINING
 DRILLING
ARE THE THREE TYPES OF MINING
TYPES OF ROCKS IN WHICH
MINERALS ARE FOUND
 METAMORPHIC AND IGNEOUS ROCKS
 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
ASIA
 IRON ORE-INDIA ,CHINA
 TIN-MALASIYA,INDONESIA,CHINA
 LEAD,ANTIMONY,TUNGSTEN-CHINA
 PETROLEUM,NATURAL GAS-MIDDLE EASTERN
COUNTRIES
 MANGANESE,BAUXITE-MOST PARTS OF ASIA
EUROPE
 IRON ORE-RUSSIA,UKRAINE,SWEDEN,FRANCE
 COPPER,LEAD,ZINC,MANGANES,NICKEL-EASTERN
EUROPE,RUSSIA
 COAL-RUHR VALLEY OF GERMANY
 PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS-UK,NORWAY
NORTH AMERICA
 COPPER,LEAD,ZINC,GOLD,SILVER-WESTERN
CORDILLERAS
 COAL-APPALACHAINS RANGE
 IRON ORE,NICKEL,GOLD,URANIUM,COPPERCANADIANSHIELD REGION
 SOFTCOAL-WEST VIRGINIA,WESTERN
PENNYSLYVANIA,OHIO,KENTUCKY
South America




Iron-BRAZIL
COPPER-CHILE,PERU
TIN-BRAZIL,BOLIVA
MINERAL OILMEXICO,VENEZULA,ARGENTINA,CHILE,PERU,
COLUMBIA
 BAUXITE-N.E.SOUTH AMERICA,JAMAICA
 GOLD,SILVER,,ZINC,CHORIUM,MANGANESE,MICA
,PLATINUM,ABESTOS,DIAMOND-ARE ALSO
FOUND IN S.AMERICA
AFRICA
 DIAMOND,GOLD,SILVER,PLATINUM-LARGEST
PRODUCER(AFRICA)

GOLD-S.AFRICA,ZAIRE,ZIMBABWE
 WITWATERSLAND – IN THE LAST 100 YEARS IT
PRODUCED 50% OF WORLD’S GOLD
 SOME OTHER METALS FOUND HERE –
COPPER,IRON,CHROMIUM,COBALT,URANIUM
AUSTRALIA
 WORLD LEADER INPRODUCTION OF BAUXITE,
IRON, GOLD,COAL,DIAMOND,TIN,NICKEL
 RICH INMANGANESE,COPPER,LEAD,ZINC
 GOLD-KALGOORLIE ,COOLGARDIE
ANTARTICA
• COAL-TRANS ANTARTIC MOUNTAINS,PRINCE
CHARLES MOUNTAINS
• GOLD,SILVER,OIL,ARE ALSO PRESENT
• MINING IS BANNED,ONLY RESERCHERS DO ABIT
OF MINING
IRON-ORE
 INDIA –LARGEST IRON DEPOSIT IN ASIA
 TYPES OF IRON ORES-
MAGNETIC,HAEMATITE
 IRON MINES-CHOTA NAGPUR
PLATEAU,MAINLY FOUND IN
JHARKAND,ORRISA,CHHATTISGARH,
MADYAPRADESH,GOA,MAHARASHTRA,
KARNATAKA
BAUXITE(ORE OF ALUMINIUM)
 PRODUCING AREAS-
ORISSA(LARGEST),TAMIL
NADU,M.P,MAHARASHTRA,GUJARAT,
CHATTISGARH,JHARKHAND
 USESAUTOMOBILES,AIRCRAFT,FURNITURES.
ETC
MICA
coper
 Produced mainly –A.P ,Karnataka
,M.P, Jharkhand, Rajasthan
 Used in electrical industry for making
wires , motors , transformers
,generators
 It was used to make coins
 It is mixed with gold to give strength
Deposits- M.P, ORISSA, A.P,
CHATTISGARH, KARNATAKA
USES-SMELTING OF IRON,
MANUFACTURING FERROALLOYS , ADDS STRENGHT TO
STEEL
LIMESTONE
DEPOSITS- M.P ,TAMIL
NADU,BIHAR,
ORISSA,GUJARAT, RAJASTAN,
MAHARASHTRA,JHARKHAND
RAW MATERIAL FOR CEMENT
INDUSTRY
Gold
Deposit-hutti , kolar in
Karnataka
Uses- making jewellery ,in
experiments
Mining of gold is very
expensive
Salt
It is used as preservatives in food
industry
Common salt (NaCl) is used in food
to make it tasty
Obtained fromseas,lakes,rocks
Deposits –Gujarat ,tuticorin
India – leading producer , exporter
silicon
 Uses –in computer industry
 Obtained –from quartz
 Quartz (deposits)-M.P,U.P,HIMACHAL
PRADESH(UNA)

CONSERVATION OF MINERALS
POWER RESOURCES
ENERGY IS GENERATED
FROM POWER
RESOURCES
TYPES-CONVECTIONAL
,NON CONVECTIONAL
CONVECTIONAL POWER
RESOURCES
FIRE WOOD
COAL
PETROLEUM
NATURAL GAS
FIRE WOOD
USES-COOKING,
HEATING
50% OF ENERGY USED
IN VILLAGES IS GOT
FROM FIREWOOD
COAL
 FORMED MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO
 LEADING COAL PRODUCERS-USA,RUSSIA,
GERMANY ,FRANCE,SOUTHAFRICA,CHINA
 INDIA-JHAIRA(LARGEST),RANIGANG
 LOW GRADE-ASSAM,ARUNACHAL
PRADESH,NAGALAND MEGALAYA
 LIGNITE-TAMIL NADU,PUDUCHERRY,GUJRAT,JK
 USES-THERMAL POWER;IRON,STEEL
INDUSTRIES; DOMESTIC FUEL; STEAM
ENGINES
PETROLEUM
 DERIVATION-LATIN(ROCKOIL)
 TRAPPED BETWEEN SEDIMETARY ROCKS,IS BLACK
 IT IS DRILLED FROM OFF &ON SHORE OIL FELDS
 USED FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION IN
AUTOMOBILES, AIRCRAFT ETC
 ALSO CALLED BLACK GOLD,LIQUID GOLD
 TOP PRODUCERS MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES,
USA,RUSSIA,ALGERIA,VENEZULA
 IN INDIA-DIGBOI IN ASSAM,BOMBAY HIGH,DELTAS
OF KRISHNA &GODAVARI
NATURAL GAS
 FOUND NEAR OIL FIELDS,RELEASED WHEN
CRUDE OIL IS DRILLED
 TOP PRODUCERS-NETHERLANDS,NORWAY,UK,
RUSSIA
 IN 1984 GAIL WAS SET UP TO LOCATE AND
TRANSPORT NATURL GAS IN INDIA
 FOUND AT(INDIA)-EASTERN COAST OF THE
GODAVARI KRISHNA DELTA ,
TRIPURA,JAISALMER,KANDLA(GUJRAT),
MUMBAI
 CNG IS A ECO FRIENDLY AUTOMOBILE FUEL
NON CONVECTIONAL SOURCES
 HYDROELECRICITY
 SOLAR ENERGY
 WIND ENERGY
 NUCLEAR POWER
 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 TIDAL ENERGY
 BIOGAS
HYDROELECTRICITY
 THE WATER STORED IN DAMS FALL ON TURBNES
FROM GREAT HEIGHTS ON TURBINES WHICH
MAKES THEM ROTATE AND TURN THE
GENERATOR AND PROUDUCE ELECRICITY
 TOP PRODUCERS-CHINA,NORWAY , PARAQUAY ,
BRAZIL
 IN INDIA-SHIVASAMUDRAM,NAGARJUNA SAGAR,
BHAKRANANGAL,DAMODAR VALLEY PROJECT
SOLAR ENERGY
 OBTAINED FROM SUNLIGHT USING
PHOTOVOLTIC CELLS/SOLR THERMAL
TECHNOLOGY
 GUJRAT,RAJASTHAN,TROPICAL COUNTRIES HAVE
POTENTIAL FOR SOLAR ENERGY
 USED IN SOLAR HEATERS,COOKERS ETC
WIND ENERGY
 KINETIC ENERGY OF WIND IS CONVERTED INTO




ELECTRICAL ENERGY
HAS BEEN USED FOR GRINDING GRAIN &LIFTING
WATER SINCE ANCIENT TIMES
LOCATED IN COASTLINES &HILLS WHERE THERE
STEADY &STRONG WINDS ARE LOCATED
TOP PRODUCERS –GERMANY,UK,USA,DENMARK,
SPAIN
INDIA-GUJRAT(LAMBA),TAMIL NADU
NUCLEAR POWER
 RADIOACTIVE MINERALS SUCH AS THORIUM ,
URANIUM,PLUTONIUM ETC UNDERGO NUCLEAR
FISSION AND ENERGY IS EMITTED
 LEADING PRODUCERS-USA,FRANCE
 DEPOSITS(INDIA)-1)THORIUM-KERALA
2)URANIUM-RAJASTHAN,
JHARKHAND
POWER STATIONS-KALPAKKAM,TARAPUR,
RANAPRATAPSAGAR,NARORO,KAIGA
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 HOT WATER FROM GEYSERS &GEOTHERMAL
SPRINGS IS USED FOR COOKING BATHING &
HEATING FOR SEVERAL YEARS
 BIG PLANTS USA,NEW ZEALAND , PHILLIPHINES,
ICELAND&CENTRAL AMERICA
 INDIA-MANIKARAN, PUGAVALLEY
TIDAL ENERGY
 THERARE DAMS BUILT IN NARROW OPENINGS OF
TIDAL BELTS OF SEA
 DURING HIGH TIES TH TIDES ARE USED TOI
TURN THE TURBINES AND THEY PRODUCE
ELECTRICITY
 RUSSIA ,FRANCE,GULFOF KUTCHIN IN INDIA
HAVE LARGE TIDAL FARMS
BIO GAS
 GENERATED FROM DEAD AND DECAYING
ORGANIC MATTER
 IN BIO GAS DIGESTERS THE BACTERIA
DECOMPOSE THEORGANIC MATTER AND RELESE
BIO GAS(METHANE+CARBONDIOXIDE)
 THE WASTE IS USED AS MANURE
SAVE ENERGY
 WE SHOULD CONSERVE & WE SHOULDNOT
WASTE ENERGY