Transcript The Nutrients - Home Economics

Eating a variety of foods
contributes to good health
Learning Intentions:
• We will learn about the nutrients and the
importance of a balanced diet
• We will understand the functions of the nutrients
in the body
• We will understand which foods supply our body
with the nutrients
• We will understand the importance of the
relationship between the nutrients.
• We will learn about the importance of dietary
fibre and water in the body
Eating a variety of foods
contributes to good health
Success Criteria:
I will know if you understand what is being taught by
completing the following statements:
• I can recall the names of the nutrients
• I can state what a balanced diet is
• I can state what the functions of the nutrients are
• I can identify foods that are good sources of the
nutrients
• I can understand the role between the different
nutrients (inter-relationships)
The Nutrients
Nutrients are chemicals in food which help our body.
There are five nutrients:
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fat
Minerals
Vitamins
Protein
Proteins
These help our body to grow
Protein
A secondary source
of energy
Repair and maintain
body tissues and
cells
A secondary
source of energy
Amino
acids
Building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
• High biological value-contain all 10
essential amino acids needed for growth.
Found in animal foods
• Low biological value foods only contain 2-3
amino acids e.g. lentils, quorn
• Found in foods that come from plants
Protein
Main food sources of protein:
milk,cheese,meat,eggs,fish,nuts,lentils,quorn
Questions
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What are the nutrients?
State the names of the five nutrients?
Where do we find the nutrients?
What are the main functions of proteins?
What are amino acids?
Why is it important that children get all 10
essential amino acids from their diet?
• What are high biological value proteins?
• What are low biological value proteins?
Questions
• What is a vegetarian and how do they make sure
that they get a good supply of protein in their
diet?
Carbohydrates
Main functions
Energy
Warmth
Extra is stored as body fat
Carbohydrate
STARCH
main types
pasta, rice, wholemeal bread,
cereals, oats, lentils, potatoes
SUGAR
biscuits, drinks
cakes, sweets,
fruit
Starch is also referred to as Total
Complex Carbohydrate or TCC
Carbohydrates
The main food sources of carbohydrates are:
bread, pasta, rice, sweets, chocolate, jam
The Nutrients
• Balanced diet is a diet that
contains the correct amounts of all
the nutrients according to an
individual’s needs.
Fat
Functions
• Concentrated source of energy
• Provide warmth
• Provide fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K
• Provide a source of omega 3 fatty
acids
Types
Fat
Saturated fat
Butter, cream, red meat,
cheese, full fat milk
These fats are bad for
your health as they
contain cholesterol (fatty
deposits in the blood)
Unsaturated fat
Vegetable oils, nuts,
polyunsaturated oils
Fat
The main food sources of fat are:
meat, cheese, chocolate, cream, convenience foods
• State two functions of
Carbohydrates in the body?
• What are the main groups of
carbohydrates called?
• What is starch also called?
• State 4 examples of starchy foods
• What are the main functions of fat
in the diet?
• State four examples of fatty foods
• Why are saturated fats not good
for your health?
Minerals
Two main minerals are:
• Calcium to help to build strong bones and teeth
• Iron to help form red blood cells which carry
oxygen around the body
The main food sources of these minerals are:
Calcium: milk, cheese, yoghurt, eggs, fish
Iron : eggs, fish, green leafy vegetables, fruit
Questions
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What
State
What
State
What
are the main functions of iron?
four food sources of iron.
are the main functions of Calcium?
four food sources of Calcium.
are the main functions of Fluoride?
Other Minerals
• Phosphorus-works with Calcium to form strong
bones and teeth
Found in milk, cereals, meat & bread
• Sodium-helps to maintain fluid balance in the body
Found in salt, meats, canned food and
take-away meals
• Fluoride- helps to make teeth resistant to tooth
decay
Found in toothpaste and drinking water
Questions
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State four food sources of Fluoride?
What are the main functions of Sodium?
State the main food sources of Sodium.
What is the effect of a low sodium diet?
What is the main function of Phosphorus
and where do you find it?
• The food we eat is mainly made up of proteins,
carbohydrates and fats but it also includes many
other nutrients in tiny amounts including the
vitamins and minerals.
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Vitamins and minerals are often called the micro
nutrients because they are needed in such small
amounts. If we do not have enough of them over a
long period of time, our health will be affected.
• Many people take vitamin pills as a
way off maintaining a good supply
within the body but most people will
get a good supply of vitamins from a
well balanced diet high in a variety
of fruits and vegetables.
Vitamins
• There are two main types of vitamins:
Fat soluble – those that can be stored in the body
A, D, E, K
Water soluble- those that are not stored in the
body
B and C
Vitamins
Nutrient
Function (Job)
Source (Food)
Vitamin A
Helps sight in low light
Healthy skin & tissue
Oily fish, milk, eggs,
cheese
Vitamin B(1)- Thiamin
Vitamin B(2)-Riboflavin
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Helps with release of energy Fortified breakfast
from carbohydrates
cereals, eggs, meat, milk
Healthy skin
Fortified breakfast
Helps with release of energy cereals, eggs, meat, milk
from carbohydrates
Helps wounds to heal
Helps iron absorption
Antioxidant vitamin
Fruit and vegetables
especially oranges and
lemons
Helps with formation strong
bones and teeth
Milk, cheese, yoghurt, oily
fish, sunshine
More Vitamins
Nutrient
Function (Job)
Source (Food)
Vitamin E
Healthy skin
Antioxidant vitamin
Eggs, nuts, fruit,
cereals, seeds
Vitamin K
Involved with clotting
of blood
Green vegetables,
fruit, cereals
Folic Acid
Helps to prevent spina bifida
in the unborn child
bananas
Not eating enough vitamins!!!!
If your body does not eat enough vitamins it will
start to break down:
Vitamin A-leads to poor eyesight and heart
disease but eating too much can
cause liver damage
Vitamin B- shortage leads to slow growth
and development, tiredness and depression
Not eating enough vitamins!!!!
• Vitamin C-shortage can lead to anaemia
and scurvy
• Vitamin D- shortage can lead to rickets
in children where bones soften
and bend out of shape
The Nutrients
To have a balanced diet we must eat the correct amounts
of each nutrient on a daily basis according to an
individuals needs.
In our diet in Scotland we do not balance our meals-they
are made up of to much fatty and sugary foods.
This is where our problems come from.
•Strokes
•Diabetes
•Cancer
Non Starch Polysaccharide/NSP
Also known as fibre
Functions:
helps with the removal of waste
gives a feeling of fullness so stops you
feeling hungry and may therefore aid
weight loss
Prevents constipation
Found in wholegrain cereals e.g. oats,
wholemeal bread, fruit and vegetables.
Water
• Needed for all body fluids e.g..
blood, urine
• Helps with removal of waste
Interrelationship of Nutrients
• Many nutrients work together in the body
• Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin D
• All work together to form and
maintain strong teeth and bones.
Amount of Calcium available to the
body is controlled by Vit. D.
• Less Vitamin D present less Calcium
available.
Interrelationship of Nutrients
Iron and Vitamin C
Help with the formation of haemoglobin
in the blood-i. e. substance which
carries oxygen. Vitamin C has a vital
role to play here. The less that is
present the less Iron is absorbed.
Questions
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Write down 3 functions of NSP
State 3 food sources of NSP
Why does the body need water?
Explain the interrelationship between
the following nutrients:
– Calcium, Phosphorus and Vit. D
– Iron and Calcium