Transcript Laboratory of Paleomagnetism - Institute of Geology of the CAS, vvi

Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Team 4: Department of Analytical Methods,
Geotechnics and Paleomagnetism
Structure
Laboratory of Analytical Methods
Main research center
Laboratory of Physical Properties of Rocks
Puškinovo náměstí research center
Laboratory of Paleomagnetism
Průhonice research center
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Team 4: Department of Analytical Methods,
Geotechnics and Paleomagnetism
Staff
Laboratory of
Laboratory of Physical
Analytical Methods
Properties of Rocks
Head
Laboratory of
Paleomagnetism
Roman Skála
Tomáš Lokajíček
Petr Pruner
Zuzana Korbelová
Tomáš Svitek
Petr Schnabl
Scientists
1 (1.0)
1 (0.5)
5 (3.4)
Graduate specialists
5 (4.0)
2 (1.0)
3 (1.7)
−
2 (2.0)
−
Technicians
1 (1.0)
3 (2.0)
1 (1.0)
Total
7 (6.0)
8 (5.5)
9 (6.1)
Deputy Head
Ph.D. students
Data as of December 31, 2014
Values in parentheses correspond to recalculated full-time jobs
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Team 4: Department of Analytical Methods,
Geotechnics and Paleomagnetism
Structure
Laboratory of Analytical Methods
Main research center
Laboratory of Physical Properties of Rocks
Puškinovo náměstí research center
Laboratory of Paleomagnetism
Průhonice research center
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Analytical Methods
Instruments
• Electron probe microanalyzer
CAMECA SX-100 [2002]
• Scanning electron microscope
TESCAN VEGA 3XM with energydispersive X-ray spectrometer
Bruker QUANTAX 200 and color
cathodoluminescence detector
[2010 and 2012]
• Powder X-ray diffractometers
Philips X’Pert [1999] and Bruker D8
DISCOVER [2011]
• Supporting instruments: saws,
lapping and polishing machines to
manufacture (polished) thin
sections and polished sections;
carbon coaters and gold sputterer
(for SEM and EPMA)
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Analytical Methods
New instruments 2010-2014 – Performance
 uncoated quartz crystals in SEM
under low-vacuum conditions =
prevention of contamination by
gold-sputtering
 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum
of bentonite = fast chemical analysis
even on rough surfaces
 Sample imaging using color
cathodoluminescence detector in
quartz grain = features not
observable by other SEM detectors
 Portion of a powder X-ray
diffraction pattern of natural
clathrate mineral – melanophlogite =
single peaks, superb resolution
Melanophlogite 100.00 %
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Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Analytical Methods
Instruments: Plans and prospects
• New acquisitions and upgrades in 2015
 Upgrade of CAMECA SX-100 electron microprobe incl. installation of
Bruker X’Flash energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer
 Raman microspectrometer S&I with 488 nm, 532 nm and 785 nm
excitation lasers
• Outlook for coming years
 Gold contract for maintenance of EPMA CAMECA
 Thermogravimetric balance or TGA/DTA instrument coupled to MS
and/or infrared spectrometer for analysis of released gases
 Panchromatic cathodoluminescence detector for SEM TESCAN
 Electron back-scattered diffraction detector for SEM TESCAN and
appropriate mechano-chemical polishing device to prepare samples
 FEG electron probe microanalyzer to replace EPMA CAMECA
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Analytical Methods
Crucial research topics
Effects of long-term natural irradiation on minerals
Fluorite-based structures (incl. fluorite) are expected to represent
materials suitable for nuclear waste management. Irradiation of
fluorites by either uraninite or allanite results in the formation of
various defects whose density increases with increasing dose.
Results make the use of fluorite-like structures as prospective
containment of radioactive waste rather questionable.
Philosophical Magazine (2010) 2749-2769. Journal of
Geosciences (2012) 45-52.
Strongly radioactive primary monazite in rocks promotes the
origin of aureoles of secondary clay minerals mixed with Fehydroxides. European Journal of Mineralogy (2011) 551-566.
Secondary uranium minerals can be used as models of behavior
of nuclear materials under diverse thermodynamic or kinetic
conditions. Mineralogy and Petrology (2011) 169-175.
Mineralogical Magazine (2012) 443-453. Mineralogical
Magazine (2013) 429-441.
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Analytical Methods
Crucial research topics
Moldavites and other tektites and impact glasses
Moldavite glass contains ~30 to 40 ppm C with isotopic
composition indicating terrestrial organic matter as a dominant
carbon source during moldavite formation. Meteoritics &
Planetary Science (2012) 1010-1028.
Textural features of moldavites were characterized through X-ray
micro-computer aided tomography (μ-CT). Marked variability in
size and distribution of bubbles among the samples, as well as
within individual samples, indicates the presence of at least two
deformation stages in the Muong Nong-type moldavites.
Materials (2014) 3319-3336.
Lithium abundances and isotope compositions in moldavites are
diagnostic of the precursor materials and their pre-impact
geological histories. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2011)
2137-2158.
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratories of Analytical Methods
Analytical service and counselling
Institutional research projects:
• Electron probe microanalyses were
collected to cover analytical needs of 24
scientific projects
• Electron microscope imaging was
required for a successful completion of
13 projects
• X-ray powder diffraction helped to solve
different aspects of multiple projects
either alone or in association with
EPMA/EDS data
Extra-institutional service:
• Chemical analyses of minerals, historical
artifacts, optical fibers, ceramics, etc.
• Phase identification of minerals and
phases in historical objects, etc.
• Complex assessment of asbestos
occurrence in building stones
• Precious metals analyses
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Analytical Methods
New results in 2015
 Gatta G.D. et al., Microporous and Mesoporous
Materials (2015) 34–41.
In-situ XRD and Raman spectroscopy study with a diamond anvil
cell of natural paulingite-K showed that this mineral is one of the
softest zeolites ever found.
 Dagsson-Waldhauserova P. et al., Aeolian Research
(2015) 69–74.
Volcanic dust particles deposited on snow tend to form larger
particles with the potential to increase the anthropogenic Arctic
warming.
 Skála R. et al., Geologica Carpathica (2015) 197—216.
Eocene to Miocene and Pleistocene melilitic magmas show a
primitive mantle source; Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene rocks
display a partly heterogeneous mantle source with additional lateto post-magmatic hydrothermal contribution.
 Kallistová A. et al., Journal of Applied Crystallography
(2015) 763–768.
Strong effect of the separation technique on the phase
composition and crystallite size of HAP of tooth enamel was
observed.
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Analytical Methods
Current projects & future prospects
Tektites, impact glasses and shock metamorphism
• Complex compositional study of moldavites and Australasian
tektites
• Chemical and structural study of irghizites and zhamanshinites
• Study of structural aspects in experimentally shock-loaded
minerals
Archaeometric study of historical glass
• Interdisciplinary research in collaboration with the Institute of
Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague
• Morphology, major chemical element composition, and presence
of opacifiers
Mineralogical and crystallographic characterization of vertebrate
dentition
• Interdisciplinary research in collaboration with the Department of
Zoology of Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague
• Morphology, mutual arrangement, chemical composition,
structure and microstructure (size, micro-strain) and other physical
and chemical properties of hydroxyapatite crystallites
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Team 4: Department of Analytical Methods,
Geotechnics and Paleomagnetism
Structure
Laboratory of Analytical Methods
Main research center
Laboratory of Physical Properties of Rocks
Puškinovo náměstí research center
Laboratory of Paleomagnetism
Průhonice research center
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Physical Properties of Rocks
New instruments and developments in 2010-2014
• NEW - Simulations of conditions at a
depth of up to 2.5 km, monitoring of
rock fracture mechanism – pressure up
to 120 MPa, 200 °C, permeability,
acoustic emission (Tri-axial cell Ergotech)
• NEW - Permeability of crystalline rocks
(Permeameter Quizix of high accuracy)
• Calculation of full stiffness tensor, 3D
rock properties - unique system in the
world - measurement of shear wave
velocities on spherical samples
• NEW - Heating chamber for mortar bars
with ultrasonic sounding – patent
pending
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Physical Properties of Rocks
Main research topics
• Understanding of rocks fracture mechanisms and their description
• Simulation and evaluation of pressure and temperature conditions in
deep formations – nuclear waste repositories, underground natural
gas storage, exploration seismology
• Calculation of full stiffness tensor - unique system in the world measurement of longitudinal and shear wave velocities on spherical
samples
• Description of damage in concrete structures - quantitative analysis of
quartz deformation affecting ASR in concrete
• Geotechnical tasks – nuclear waste repository survey, Dukovany
Nuclear Power Station, Orlík Dam
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Physical Properties of Rocks
Main research topics
• Understanding of rocks fracture mechanisms and their description
• Simulation and evaluation of pressure and temperature conditions
in deep formations – nuclear waste repositories, underground
Migmatite fracturing monitored by acoustic emission and ultrasonic sounding
natural gas storage, exploration seismology
• fracturing in dependence on the
• foliation
Calculation
dip of full stiffness tensor - Unique system in the world • velocity
ellipsoid model
for AE
measurement
of longitudinal
and shear wave velocities on spherical
monitoring
samples
• Quantitative analysis of quartz deformation affecting ASR in
Result:
Petružálek,
M., –
Lokajíček,
T., & of
Svitek,
T.
concrete
description
damage
in concrete structures
(2015). Fracturing of migmatite monitored
by acoustic emission and ultrasonic
• Geotechnical tasks - Dukovany Nuclear Power Station, Orlík
sounding. International Journal of Rock
Mechanics and Mining Sciences, (under
review).
Dam
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Physical Properties of Rocks
Main research topics
• Calculation of full stiffness tensor - Unique system in the world andmechanisms
shear wave and
velocities
on spherical
• measurement
Understandingof
oflongitudinal
rocks fracture
their description
samples
• Simulation
andstudy
evaluation
pressure
and temperature
conditions
Influence
Elastic
anisotropy
of thermal
heating
on spherical
on of
elastic
rock
anisotropy
samples
ofPgranulites
and S waves
7
20
Vp waste
Vs1
Vs2
Vs1-Vs2
in deep formations – nuclear
repositories,
underground
• heating
full
stiffness
upgas
to 600°C
natural
storage, exploration seismology
16
12
8
4
Velocity/temperature
dependence
• Geotechnical tasks
Station,
Orlík Dam
Calc- Dukovany Nuclear Power
at 0.1 MPa
coefficient of anisotropy [%]
Result:
P-wave velocity [km/s]
tensor
0.1 MPa
6
• measurement at 0.1 MPa
•• comparison
Thermal Heating Influence study
• introduction of microcracks by
with neutron
increasing
of temperature
5
• diffraction
Quantitative
analysis
affecting ASR in
60 MPaof quartz deformation
modelling
concrete – description of damage in concrete structures
Lokajíček, T., Rudajev, V., Dwivedi,
vPmax
Geomean
4
R.D., Goel, R.K., Swarup,
A, Influence of
vPmean
Result:
thermal heating on elastic wave
vPmin
3
Lokajíček T., Kern H., Svitek T. & Ivankina T.I., (2014)
3D velocity distribution
of P- and S-waves in a
coeff. of aniso.
velocities
in
granulite,
International
biotite gneiss, measured in oil as the pressure medium: Comparison with velocity measurements in a
0
Journal
Rock Mechanics
Mining
multi-anvil of
pressure
apparatus and& with
texture-based calculated data, Physics of the Earth and
0
200
400
600
Sciences
54 (2012)
1–8
Planetary Interiors.
241,
1-15.
o
temperature [ C]
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Physical Properties of Rocks
Main research topics
• Understanding of rocks fracture mechanisms and their description
Evaluation of quartz quality in mortar bars by ultrasonic sounding
•• heating
chamber
by NaOHof pressure and temperature conditions
Simulation
andfilled
evaluation
atin 80°C,
types of quartz
rich waste repositories, underground
deep4formations
– nuclear
aggregates
natural gas storage, exploration seismology
• ultrasonics can replace expansion
• tests
Measurement of shear wave velocities on spherical samples • time dependence of
Unique
system
in the world - calculation of full stiffness tensor
P-wave
velocity,
expansion
and Young’s modulus is
• better
Description
of damage in concrete structures - quantitative analysis
pronounced
of quartz
deformation affecting ASR in concrete
• patent
pending
• Geotechnical tasks - Dukovany Nuclear Power Station, Orlík Dam
Result:
T. Lokajíček, A. Kuchařová, M. Petružálek, Š. Šachlová, T. Svitek, R. Přikryl, Semi-continuous ultrasonic
sounding and changes of ultrasonic signal characteristics as a sensitive tool for the evaluation of ongoing
microstructural changes of experimental mortar bars tested for their ASR potential (Ultrasonics, under
review).
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Physical Properties of Rocks
Main research topics
• Understanding of rocks fracture mechanisms and their description
• Simulation
anddescription:
evaluation of pressure and temperature conditions in
Petrographic
• density
deep
formations – nuclear waste repositories, underground natural
• porosity
gas
storage, exploration seismology
•
•
• absorption
• water content
Calculation
of full stiffness tensor - Unique system in the world Mechanical properties:
measurement
of longitudinal and shear wave velocities on spherical
• strength
samples
• modules
Transport properties:
Quantitative
analysis of quartz deformation affecting ASR in concrete
• gas permeability
hydraulic conductivity
–• description
of damage in concrete structures
• Geotechnical tasks – nuclear waste repository survey, The Dukovany
Nuclear Power Station, Orlík Dam
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Physical Properties of Rocks
Cooperation & future plans
• The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia – T.I.
Ivankina, R. Vasin, I. Zel
•
Project No. 04-4-1069–2009/2015
• University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA – H.-R. Wenk
•
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, "KONTAKT II", Project No. LH13102
• Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague – R. Prikryl, A.
Kucharova, S. Sachlova
•
•
•
•
•
No. GAP104/12/0915
3D description of rock elastic and mechanical anisotropy on polyhedron shape samples
at high confining pressure – simulation of rock properties at depth up to 2.5 km
Tomography of polyhedron shape samples – comprehensive insight into rock samples
Complex evaluation of rock fracturing process – tri-axial test with controlled
temperature, permeability, strain, AE
Simulation of hydraulic fracturing on cylindrical samples – assessment of rock
properties during oil and gas extraction
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Physical Properties of Rocks
New results
Kern H., Lokajíček T., Svitek T., Wenk H.-R. (2015): Seismic anisotropy of serpentinite from
Val Malenco, Italy. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 120, doi:10.1002/2015JB012030. IF: 3.426
Keppler R., Ullemeyer K., Behrmann J. H., Kurzawski R.M., Lokajíček T. (2015):
Crystallographic preferred orientations of exhumed subduction channel rocks from the
Eclogite Zone of the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps, Austria), and implications on rock elastic
anisotropies at great depths. Tectonophysics 647–648, 89–104. IF: 2.866
Lokajíček T., Svitek T. (2015): Laboratory measurement of elastic anisotropy on spherical
rock samples by longitudinal and transverse sounding under confining pressure. Ultrasonics
56, 294-302. IF: 1.805.
Zel I.Yu, Ivankina T. I., Levin D.M., Lokajíček T. (2015): Application of a modified method of
ultrasonic measurements for determination of elastic moduli of rocks. Crystallography
Reports 60, 4, 591-599. IF: 0.489
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Team 4: Department of Analytical Methods,
Geotechnics and Paleomagnetism
Structure
Laboratory of Analytical Methods
Main research center
Laboratory of Physical Properties of Rocks
Puškinovo náměstí research center
Laboratory of Paleomagnetism
Průhonice research center
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Paleomagnetism
Crucial research topics
Paleomagnetism, paleogeography and rock magnetism
- New paleomagnetic database from the Prague Basin
- The PB was situated on the presumed Perunica Microplate
Precambrian Research, 176; Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, 54; Geologica Belgica, 13;
Inter. Jour. of Earth Sciences, 101; Stratigraphy, 8; Tectonophysics, 629; Nature Geoscience,7.
Magnetostratigraphy of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary strata
-
High-resolution magnetostratigraphy was applied at several pilot localities and individual
magnetozones and subzones were correlated
Geoph. Jour. Inter., 185; Cretaceous Research, 43; Polar Research, 33; Geologica Carpath,64
Paleomagnetism and magnetostratigraphy of Cenozoic cave sediments
-
Latest Quaternary to Pliocene sediments exhibit measurable and statistically significant
paleomagnetic declinations, inclinations and polarity
- Rotations are predominately CCW and probably indicate a movement of these sites with
the Adriatic microplate
Stud. Geophysica Geodaetica, 54; Quaternary International, 326; Int. Jour. of Speleology, 39.
Laboratory investigations and simulations of extraterrestrial materials:
-
Studies of meteorites focused on three areas – Almahata Sitta meteorites, Chelyabinsk
meteorites, and micrometeorites
- Space weathering laboratory simulations
Icarus, 208; Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 45; J. Geophysical Research, 116; PNAS,110.
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Paleomagnetism
Service & co-operation validity
Co-operation
Domestic
International
CAS
Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry,
Institute of Botany
Universities
Charles University, Prague
Palacký University, Olomouc
Masaryk University, Brno
VŠB - Technical University of
Ostrava
Others:
Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials,
Olomouc
Czech Geological Survey
Severočeské doly, a.s.
Organization BWG, Prague 2012
Academy of
Sciences
Slovakia
Poland
Ukraine
Hungary
Russia
Others:
Karst Research Institute,
Slovenia
Slovak Caves
Administration, Slovakia
NASA, USA
Hawaii Institute of
Geophysics and
Planetology, USA
Senckenberg Museum
für Naturkunde Görlitz,
Germany
NIST Gaithersburg, MD,
USA
Universities
Bristol, GB
Mexico, Mexico
Granada, Spain
Helsinki, Finland
Bratislava, Slovakia
Marseille, France
University of Central Florida,
USA
Ural Federal University,
Ekaterinburg, Russia
Shizuoka University, Japan
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Paleomagnetism
Key instruments
Superconducting Rock Magnetometer
Spinner Magnetometer
MAVACS: Magnetic Vacuum Control System
Unique system in the world
Alternating Field Demagnetizer
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Paleomagnetism
New instruments 2010-2014
Kappabridge - laboratory
instrument for measuring
magnetic susceptibility
Thermal Demagnetizer with
temperature controller
Plans and prospects
Low-temperature insert for
2G cryogenic magnetometer
Non-magnetic
laboratory hood
Upgrade of alternating field
demagnetizer
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Paleomagnetism
Important new results
In 2015 – 12 published papers and 2 in print
• Trigo-Rodriguez J. M., Lyytinen E., Gritsevich M., Moreno-Ibanez M., Bottke W., Williams I., Lupovka V., Dmitriev V., Kohout T. &
Grokhovsky V. (2015): Orbit and dynamic origin of the recently recovered Annama's H5 chondrite. – Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society, 449, 2: 2119-2127.
• Nabelek L., Mazanec M., Kdyr S. & Kletetschka G. (2015). Magnetic, in situ, mineral characterization of Chelyabinsk meteorite thin
section. – Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 50, 6: 1112-1121.
• Häuselmann P., Mihevc A., Pruner P., Horáček I., Čermák S., Hercman H., Sahy D., Fiebig M., Zupan Hajna N. & Bosák P. (2015): Snežna
jama (Slovenia): Interdisciplinary dating of cave sediments and implication for landscape evolution. – Geomorphology, 247 (2015).
• Tomek F., Žák J. & Chadima M. (2015): Granitic magma emplacement and deformation during early-orogenicsyn-convergent
transtension: The Staré Sedlo complex, BohemianMassif. – Journal of Geodynamics, 87: 50-66.
• Kletetschka G., Vyhnanek J., Kawasumiova D., Nabelek L. & Petrucha V. (2015): Localization of the Chelyabinsk Meteorite from
magnetic field survey and GPS data. – IEEE Sensors Journal, 15, 9: 4875-4881.
• Plan L., Schober A., Scholz D., Spötl Ch., Pruner P. & Bosák P. (2015): Speleogenesis of the Hermannshöhle cave system (Austria):
Constraints from 230Th/U-dating and palaeomagnetic analysis. – International Journal of Speleology, 44, 3: 315-326.
• Elbra T., Schnabl P., Tasáryová Z., Čížková K. & Pruner P. (2015): New results for Paleozoic volcanic phases in Prague Basin – magnetic
and geochemical studies of Lištice, Czech Republic. – Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 64, 1: 31-35.
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.
Laboratory of Paleomagnetism
Current projects & future prospects
Integrated multi-proxy study of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary in
marine sequences
Paleomagnetic and magnetostratigraphic research of karst
sediments
Mid Miocene climatic optimum magnetostratigraphy
Pressure-induced changes in the magnetic properties of iron oxides
and sulfides
Reflectance spectra and physical properties of minor Solar System
bodies
Magnetic characterization of meteoritic as well as Younger Dryas
Boundary materials